تنوع و ساختار جمعیت قارچ‌های اکتومیکوریز در رویشگاه جنگلی ترافل سیاه تابستانه (.Tuber aestivum Vittad)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 ااستادیار، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

4 مربی، گروه مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه ای، تهران، ایران

5 پژوهشگر، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کشت ترافل سیاه تابستانه، Tuber aestivum را می‌توان از فعالیت‌های جدید کشاورزی دانست که به‌ویژه برای اقتصاد روستایی سودمندتر از کشاورزی متعارف است و در کنار آن احیای جنگل‌ها و همچنین پایداری کاربری اراضی را ترویج می‌دهد. براساس نمونه‌هایی از فرانسه، ایتالیا، مجارستان و اسپانیا، کشت ترافل توسعۀ اقتصادی و اجتماعی جوامع کوچک و روستایی را القا می‌کند. ازآنجا که متأسفانه سنت ایجاد باغ‌های ترافل در ایران وجود ندارد، دانش ما دربارۀ عوامل محیطی القاکنندۀ تشکیل اندام‌های بارده T. aestivum محدود است. از زمان تأسیس اولین مزارع قارچ ترافل در جهان، پژوهش‌های متعددی برای ارتقای بهره‌وری و پایداری آنها انجام گرفته است. موفقیت در تداوم کشت قارچ‌های ترافل به‌طور مشخص به وضعیت میکوریزایی درختان میزبان در طول سال‌ها، از نهال‌های تلقیح‌شده تا درختان تولیدکنندۀ ترافل بستگی دارد. بنابراین پایش وضعیت قارچ‌های اکتومیکوریز در رویشگاه‌های طبیعی قارچ‌های ترافل و افزایش دانش در مورد جوامع اکتومیکوریزایی گونه‌های میزبان T. aestivum برای اطمینان از تولید موفق ترافل سیاه تابستانه در باغ‌های ترافل بسیار مهم است. در این تحقیق حضور اکتومیکوریز T. aestivum روی ریشۀ بلوط بلندمازو (Quercus castaneifolia) و فراوانی آن در رویشگاه‌های طبیعی قارچ‌های ترافل در سه سایت منتخب واقع در استان گلستان بررسی شد و تنوع و ساختار دیگر قارچ‌های اکتومیکوریز همراه آن ارزیابی شد. در انتخاب سایت‌ها تفاوت در حدود ارتفاعی، جهت جغرافیایی غالب و گیاهان موجود در مناطق در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که اگرچه ترکیب گونه‌ها بیش از 50 درصد میان سایت‌ها مشابه بود، اما تعداد، تنوع و غنای گونه‌های قارچی در میان سایت‌های با پوشش گیاهی مختلف با سایت یکنواخت و دارای فقط یک میزبان (بلوط) متفاوت بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Diversity and population structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest habitats of summer truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.(

نویسندگان [English]

  • S.M. Zamani 1
  • F Kazerani 2
  • H Rabbani nasab 3
  • s Ghanaei 4
  • R Gholami Ghavam abad‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬ 5
1 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, IranIran.
4 Senior Research Expert, Department of Agriculture engineering,Technical and Vocational University (TVU),Tehran, Iran
5 Research Expert, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Cultivation of the summer truffle, Tuber aestivum Vittad., has become as a new agricultural activity that for rural economies is often considerably more beneficial than conventional agriculture and also promotes reforestation, as well as land use sustainability. Considering examples from Italy, Hungary, Spain and France, truffle cultivation induces the economic and social development of small and rural communities. Because there is no tradition of creating truffle gardens in Iran, knowledge of environmental factors regulating the formation of T. aestivum fruiting bodies is limited. Since the establishment of truffle plantations in the world, several studies have been conducted to improve their productivity and stability. Success in the continuation of truffle plantations depends clearly on the mycorrhizal status of the host trees over the years, from inoculated seedlings to truffle producing trees. Therefore, monitoring the status of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the natural habitats of truffles and increasing knowledge about ectomycorrhizal communities of T. aestivum host species is crucial to ensure the successful production of summer truffles in truffle orchards. In this study, the presence of T. aestivum ectomycorrhizae on roots of oak (Quercus castaneifolia) and its abundance in natural habitats of truffle fungi in three selected sites in Golestan province was investigated and the diversity and structure of other ectomycorrhizal fungi were evaluated. In selecting the studied sites, differences in altitude, dominant geographical direction and plant species in the regions were considered. The results showed that although the species composition was up to 70% similar between sites, but the number of fungal species, diversity and species richness of fungi were different among sites with different host plants and the site with only oak.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biodiversiy
  • Burgundy truffle
  • ectomycorrhizae
  • oak
 
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