ذخیرۀ آب و پراکنش ریشه در عمق‌های مختلف خاک در جنگلکاری‌های زبان‌گنجشک و پیسه‌آ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی احیا مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

4 پژوهشگر، گروه مهندسی جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

10.22034/ijf.2022.313303.1810

چکیده

ذخیرۀ آب خاک در جنگل تا حد زیادی تحت تأثیر روابط متقابل پوشش گیاهی و خاک قرار دارد. در مدیریت جامع‌نگرانه می‌توان با شناخت صحیح این روابط و توجه به اهمیت نگهداشت آب خاک، حفظ تعادل هیدرولوژیک مطلوب در جنگل را تضمین کرد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی ذخیرۀ آب خاک در عمق‌های مختلف و ارتباط آن با تغییرات پوشش گیاهی و سیستم ریشه‌دوانی آنها انجام گرفت. با استفاده از داده‌های درصد رطوبت حجمی خاک و داده‌های پراکنش ریشۀ دو گونۀ زبان‌گنجشک و پیسه‌آ جنگلکاری‌شده، ذخیرۀ آب خاک به‌صورت جداگانه برای عمق‌های 20، 40، 60 و 100 سانتی‌متری و همچنین برای پروفیل یک متری تعیین شد. سپس با تعیین درصد سطح ریشه به سطح خاک و تعداد ریشه در لایه‌های 10 سانتی‌متری تا عمق یک متری خاک، ارتباط ذخیرۀ آب خاک در عمق‌های مختلف با پراکنش ریشۀ دو توده بررسی شد. برای بررسی وجود و نبود اختلاف معنی‌دار بین ذخیرۀ آب خاک و پراکنش ریشه تحت تأثیر عمق‌ها و گونه‌های مختلف از آزمون‌های غیرپارامتری فریدمن و من‌ویتنی استفاده شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که روند کاهشی پراکنش ریشه و روند افزایشی ذخیرۀ آب خاک با افزایش عمق تا عمق 40 سانتی‌متری خاک با سرعت و شیب تندتری اتفاق می‌افتد و از عمق 40 تا 100 سانتی‌متری خاک تقریباً کم و ثابت می‌ماند. براساس این پژوهش، مقدار ذخیرۀ آب در بیشتر عمق‌های بررسی‌شده و همچنین برای پروفیل یک متری خاک، در تودۀ پیسه‌آ به‌طور معنی‌داری کمتر از مقدار آن در تودۀ زبان‌گنجشک است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Soil Water Storage and Root Distribution under Picea abies and Fraxinus excelsior Plantations

نویسندگان [English]

  • M Esmaiili 1
  • E Abdi 2
  • M Mohseni Saravi 3
  • E Hayati 4
1 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, I. R. Iran
2 Associate Prof., Dept. of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, I. R. Iran
3 Prof., Dept. of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, I. R. Iran
4 Researcher, Dept. of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, I. R. Iran
چکیده [English]

The interaction between forest vegetation and soil can highly affect the soil water balance. In a holistic approach, forest managers are expected to have a better understanding of these interactions and the importance of soil water conservation. This will certainly lead to a required hydrologic balance in the forests. This research aims at studying the amount of soil water storage at different depths and its connection with changes in vegetation types and their root distribution. To this aim, soil volumetric water content and root distribution data collected under Picea abies and Fraxinus excelsior plantations were used to determine the soil water storage for different soil layers including 20, 40, 60, and 100 cm. A cumulative water storage for the whole soil profile (1-meter profile) was also calculated. Afterwards, the number of roots and the Root Area Ratio (RAR) were determined for different layers of soil with a 10 cm interval. Ultimately, the connections between soil water storage at given layers of soils with their corresponding root numbers and RAR values were investigated for each forest plantation. Friedman and Mann-Whitney non-parametric tests were used to compare the means of soil water storage, number of roots, and RAR values at different layers of soils and plantations studied. According to the results, an increasing trend in soil water storage and a decreasing trend in root numbers (and RAR) can be observed with soil depths. However, both root distribution and soil water storage experience a rapid increase and decrease to a depth of 40 cm, and then the trends remain relatively constant. In most cases, soil water storage at different soil depths and for the 1-meter soil profile under Picea abies was significantly lower than that under Fraxinus excelsior.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Root distribution
  • Soil hydrology
  • Soil moisture content
  • Soil water balance
  • Vegetation
 
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