مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

بررسی تنوع راسته‌های ماکروفون خاک روی خشک‌دارهای افتادۀ ممرز با درجات مختلف پوسیدگی در سری یک جنگل شصت‌کلاتۀ گرگان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموختۀ کارشناسی ‌ارشد، گروه جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌ طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع ‌طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
3 استاد، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، تهران، ایران
4 دکتری مدیریت جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع ‌طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
چکیده
مقدمه: خشک‌دارها در شرایط مختلف پوسیدگی محیط زیست متفاوتی برای گونه‌های مختلف محسوب می‌شوند. این تحقیق با هدف مقایسۀ تنوع‌ راسته‌های ماکروفون روی خشک‌دارهای افتادۀ ممرز با درجات مختلف پوسیدگی (چهار درجۀ پوسیدگی) در سری ‌یک جنگل شصت‌کلاتۀ گرگان انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: 108 خشک‌دار در سه طبقۀ ارتفاعی (450-200، 700-450 و 950-700 متر از سطح دریا) با سه تکرار برای درجات‌ پوسیدگی مختلف از خشک‌دار افتاده و سه تکرار از سه طبقۀ قطری کمتر از 40، 80-40 و بیشتر از 80 سانتی‌متر نمونه‌برداری شد. جداسازی ماکروفون از خشک‌دارها به روش دستی انجام گرفت و ماکروفون براساس کلیدهای شناسایی با دقت هزارم گرم توزین شد. تنوع راسته‌های ماکروفون براساس شاخص‌های تنوع، یکنواختی و غنا (به‌ترتیب شانون- وینر، سیمپسون و مارگالف) محاسبه شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که بین میانگین شاخص‌های غنا و تنوع زی­وزن و فراوانی ماکروفون در درجات ‌پوسیدگی مختلف خشک‌دار ممرز اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود دارد، به‌طوری که با افزایش شدت ‌پوسیدگی، غنا و تنوع ماکروفون افزایش یافت. بیشترین تعداد ماکروفون در درجۀ پوسیدگی چهار و در قطرهای 100-70 و 70-40 سانتی‌متر، بیشترین فراوانی راسته‌های ماکروفون در طبقۀ ارتفاعی 450-200 و کمترین مقدار فراوانی در طبقۀ ارتفاعی 950-700 مشاهده شد. همچنین بین طبقۀ ارتفاعی یک و طبقۀ ارتفاعی دو اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. رابطۀ کاهندۀ معنی‌داری بین طول خشک‌دار و فراوانی راسته‌های ماکروفون مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: در این تحقیق با افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا یکنواختی زی‌توده، افزایش و غنای زی‌توده کاهش یافت بنابراین می‌توان گفت که اثر یکدیگر بر تنوع زی‌تودۀ راسته‌های ماکروفون را خنثی کرد و در نتیجه برای تنوع زی‌تودۀ راسته‌های ماکروفون در طبقات ارتفاعی مختلف تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Investigation of Biodiversity of Soil Macrofauna Orders of Hornbeam Fallen Deadwood with Different Decay Rates in District 1 of Shast Kalateh Forest, Gorgan

نویسندگان English

H Rezaee Alooni 1
H Habashi 2
Kh Sagheb Talebi 3
A.A. MohammadAli Pour Melekshah 4
1 Master Sciences, Dept. of Forestry and Forest Ecology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Associate Prof., Dept. of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran.
4 Ph.D. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: Deadwood, at various stages of decay, serves as a diverse habitat for a wide range of species. This study investigates the diversity of macrofauna orders on fallen hornbeam deadwood with different decay classes (four classes) in district one of the Shast Kalate forest in Gorgan, Iran.
Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from 108 deadwood logs across three altitudinal ranges (200-450, 450-700, and 700-950 m a.s.l.) with three replicates for each decay class and diameter class (less than 40, 40-80, and more than 80 cm). Macrofauna were manually extracted from the deadwood and weighed to the nearest 0.001 g after identification using systematic keys. The diversity of macrofauna orders was assessed using diversity (Shannon-Wiener), evenness (Simpson), and richness (Margalef) indices.
Results: The results revealed significant differences in mean richness, biomass diversity, and abundance of macrofauna among the different decay classes of fallen hornbeam deadwood, with higher decay intensity associated with increased macrofauna richness and diversity. The highest number of macrofauna was found in decay class four and in the 70-100 and 40-70 cm diameter classes. Macrofauna order frequency was highest in the 200-450 m altitudinal range and lowest in the 700-950 m range, with no significant difference between the first two altitudinal classes. A significant negative relationship was observed between deadwood length and macrofauna order frequency.
Conclusion: As altitude increased, biomass evenness increased while biomass richness decreased, suggesting that these factors counteracted each other, resulting in no significant difference in macrofauna order biomass diversity across the different altitudinal ranges.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Altitude
Deadwood
Decay intensity
Richness
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  • تاریخ دریافت 31 خرداد 1399
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