تجزیه‌وتحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر سلامت جنگل براساس رویکرد یکپارچۀ DEMATEL-ANP (DANP) در حوضۀ آبخیز ماسوله، استان گیلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل

2 کارشناسی ارشد علوم زیستی جنگل، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل

10.22034/ijf.2023.366357.1903

چکیده

مقدمه: شاخص‌های سلامت جنگل گسترۀ وسیعی از شاخص‌های فیزیکی محیط ‌زیستی مانند اندازه‌گیری‌های اقلیمی و اکولوژیکی و سوابق مربوط به اقدامات انسانی و شیوه‌های مدیریتی در بوم‌سازگان‌های جنگلی را در بر می‌گیرد. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی روابط مابین شاخص‌های سلامت جنگل در تیپ جنگلی راش آمیخته شامل تنوع گونه‌های درختی، شرایط تاج درخت، شرایط تنۀ درخت، خشک‌دار و زادآوری در سیمای سرزمین جنگلی در حوضۀ آبخیز ماسوله در استان گیلان است.
مواد و روش‌ها: در ایـن پژوهش، چگونگی روابط شاخص‌های سلامت جنگل در منطقۀ پژوهش با استفاده از رویکرد ترکیبی DEMATEL-ANP (DANP) بررسی شده است. جمع‌آوری داده‌ها براساس دو پرسشنامۀ محقق‌ساخته انجام پذیرفت که روایی و پایایی آنها به‌ترتیب بـا روایی محتوایی و آزمـون مجدد بررسی شده است. در نهایت مطابق نظر خبرگان، مهم‌ترین شاخص‌های ورودی در روش DEMATEL و شاخص‌های خروجی در روش ANP رتبه‌بندی شدند. در این پژوهش از تعداد نمونۀ دوازده نفر از خبرگان استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج DEMATEL حاکی از اهمیت نقش شاخص زادآوری در وضعیت سلامت جنگل در منطقۀ پژوهش است و شاخص مذکور با بیشترین اثرپذیری شناسایی شده است. دو شاخص تنوع درختی و خشک‌دار نیز دارای اثرپذیری زیاد نسبت به دیگر شاخص‌های بررسی‌شده است. همچنین شاخص‌های تنوع درختی و شرایط تاج نیز با بیشترین اثرگذاری شناسایی شده‌اند .براساس نتایج رتبه‌بندی معیارها در ANP، معیار تنوع درختی در مقایسه با دیگر معیارها تأثیر مهم‌تری بر سلامت جنگل دارد. افزون‌بر این، نهال سالم، خشکیدگی تاج و خشک‌دار سرپا از مهم‌ترین زیرمعیارها در مقایسه با دیگر زیرمعیارها در منطقۀ پژوهش هستند.
نتیجه‌گیری: این نتایج می‌تواند اثر مهمی در افزایش آگاهی دربارۀ عوامل مؤثر بر وضعیت سلامت جنگل‌ها و علل جنگل‌های ناسالم داشته باشد و نیز به سیاستگذاران کمک کند تا شناسایی اقدامات مناسب برای حفظ و بهبود سلامت جنگل و در نتیجه افزایش پایداری بوم‌سازگان‌های جنگلی را امکان‌پذیر کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of factors affecting forest health based on DEMATEL-ANP (DANP) approach in Masouleh watershed, Guilan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • R Jahdi 1
  • A Shahamati Nejad 2
1 Associate Prof., Dept. of Forest Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 M.Sc. of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Forest health indicators encompass a wide range of physical environmental indicators, including climatic and ecological measurements, as well as records on human actions and management practices in forest ecosystems. This study aims to investigate the relationship among the forest health indices in the mixed-beech forest type, including tree diversity, crown condition, stem condition, deadwood, and regeneration in the forest landscape in the Masouleh watershed, Guilan province.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the relationship among indices of forest health in the study area was investigated using an integrated approach of DEMATEL-ANP (DANP). Data collection was conducted through two researcher-made questionnaires, whose validity and reliability were examined through content validity and the retest method, respectively. Finally, the most important input indicators, based on experts’ views, were ranked by DEMATEL and output indicators by ANP. A sample of 12 experts was used in this study.
Findings: The results of DEMATEL indicate the importance of the regeneration index in the forest health status in the study area. This index (regeneration) was recognized with the highest influence ratio among others. In addition, two indicators, tree diversity and deadwood, had a high influence ratio among other investigated indices. Also, tree diversity and crown condition indices were the most influential ones. Based on the ranking results of criteria in ANP, the tree diversity criterion has a more important effect on forest health compared to other criteria. In addition, healthy seedling, crown dieback, and standing deadwood are among the most important sub-criteria compared to other sub-criteria in the study area.
Conclusion: These results can play a significant role in increasing awareness about the factors affecting the health of forests and the causes of unhealthy forests. They can also assist policymakers in identifying appropriate measures to maintain and improve forest health, thereby increasing the sustainability of forest ecosystems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecosystem
  • Forest Health Index
  • Integrated approach
  • Questionnaire
  • Sustainability
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