برآورد مؤلفه‌های اکو هیدرولوژی تاج و تنۀ درختان سوزنی‌برگ و پهن‌برگ در جنگل‌های زاگرس (مطالعۀ موردی: پارک جنگلی چغاسبز، ایلام)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم جنگل، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام

2 دانشیار گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام

3 استادیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر، دانشگاه تبریز

4 استاد گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

10.22034/ijf.2023.380503.1914

چکیده

مقدمه: برآورد مشخصه­های اکوهیدرولوژی تاج‌پوشش و تنۀ درختان، یکی از موضوعات پژوهشی در زمینۀ اکوهیدرولوژی است که در انتخاب گونۀ مناسب برای پروژه­های جنگلکاری، فاصلۀ کاشت درختان و تیمارهای جنگل­شناسی کمک می‌کند. هدف این پژوهش، برآورد مشخصه­های اکوهیدرولوژی تاج ­بارش و ساقاب درختان شاخه­زاد توده­های طبیعی بلوط ایرانی (Quercus brantii Lindl.) و جنگلکاری‌شدۀ کاج تهران (Pinus eldarica Medw.) و سرو نقره­ای (Cupressus arizonica Greene.) در جنگل­های زاگرس (پارک جنگلی چغاسبز، شهرستان ایلام) است.
مواد و روش­ها: مشخصه­های اکوهیدرولوژی تاج‌پوشش شامل نقطۀ اشباع آب تاج‌پوشش (g)، ظرفیت نگهداری آب تاج‌پوشش (S)، ضریب تاج‌بارش مستقیم (p) و نسبت تبخیر به شدت باران در زمان بارندگی ( ) نیز مشخصات اکوهیدرولوژی تنه شامل ظرفیت نگهداری آب تنۀ (St)، ضریب ساقاب (pt)، نقطۀ اشباع آب تنه (Pʹʹg) و همچنین ضریب قیف‌شکل تاج (F) گونه­های تحت بررسی براساس روش­های استاندارد تعیین شد.
یافته­ها: نتایج به‌دست‌آمده به‌ترتیب در توده­های بلوط ­ایرانی، کاج تهران و سرو نقره­ای برای مقادیر نقطۀ برآوردی اشباع آب تاج‌پوشش 28/1، 02/2 و 83/1 میلی‌متر؛ ظرفیت نگهداری آب تاج‌پوشش 2/1، 8/1 و 5/1 میلی‌متر؛ نسبت تبخیر به شدت باران در زمان بارندگی 13/0، 46/0 و 36/0؛ ضریب تاج‌بارش مستقیم 14/0، 28/0 و 22/0؛ ظرفیت نگهداری آب تنه 069/0، 112/0 و 14/0 میلی‌متر؛ ضریب ساقاب 022/0، 069/0 و 061/0؛ نقطۀ اشباع آب تنه 14/3، 62/1 و 3/2 میلی‌متر؛ و ضریب قیف‌شکل برابر 21/7، 22/10 و 45/9 بودند. نتایج بیانگر رابطۀ خطی مثبت بین مقدار ساقاب و مقدار باران بود.
نتیجه­گیری: به‌طور کلی با افزایش مقدار باران، مقدار ضریب قیف‌شکل تاج‌پوشش افزایش نشان داد. در بین سه توده، بلوط ایرانی کمترین و کاج تهران بیشترین میانگین ضریب قیف‌شکل تاج را داشت. با شناخت مؤلفه­های اکوهیدرولوژی تاج‌پوشش و تنۀ گونه­های مختلف درختی مختلف می­توان درک بهتری از چرخۀ آب در منطقه داشت. همچنین این شناخت موجب می­شود که با اطمینان بیشتری دربارۀ فاصله کاشت و تراکم درختان و اعمال تیمارهای جنگل‌شناسی در راستای بهبود آب ورودی به خاک از طریق باران در این اکوسیستم جنگلی اظهار نظر کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of canopy and trunk ecohydrological parameters of coniferous and broadleaf trees in Zagros forests (Case study: Choqasabz Forest Park, Ilam)

نویسندگان [English]

  • E Allahinezhad 1
  • M Heydari 2
  • J Mirzaei 2
  • O Fathizadeh 3
  • P Attarod 4
1 Ph.D. Student, Faculty of Aghriculture, University of Ilam, I. R. Iran
2 Associate Prof., Faculty of Agricultural, University of Ilam, I. R. Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ahar, University of Tabriz, I. R. Iran
4 Prof., Dept. of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, I. R. Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Estimating the ecohydrological characteristics of tree crown and trunk of trees is one of the research topics in the field of forest ecohydrology that helps managers in choosing the suitable species for plantation projects, tree planting intervals and silvicultural treatments. This study aimed to estimate the ecohydrological characteristics of throughfall and stemflow in natural coppice stands of Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) and afforestation of Pinus eldarica Medw., and Cupressus arizonica Greene in Zagros forests Chaghasbez Forest Park, Ilam County).
Material and Methods: The ecohydrological parameters of the canopy include the canopy saturation point (Pʹg), canopy water storage capacity (S), free throughfall coefficient (p) and theratio of mean evaporation rate from the wet canopy to the mean rainfall intensity (E̅/R̅) as well as the ecohydrology characteristics of trunk such as the trunk storage capacity (St), stemflow partitioning coefficient (Pt), trunk saturation point (Pʹʹg) and funneling coefficient (F) of the studied species based on standard methods.
Findings: The following results obtained for the canopy saturation point; 1.28, 2.02, and 1.83 mm, canopy water storage capacity; 1.2, 1.8 and 1.5 mm, E̅/R̅; 0.13, 0.46 and 0.36, free throughfall coefficient; 0.14, 0.28 and 0.22, trunk storage capacity: 0.069, 0.112 and 0.14 mm, stemflow partitioning coefficient; 0.022, 0.069 and 0.061, trunk saturation point; 3.14, 1.62 and 2.3 mm and funneling coefficient was 7.21, 10.22 and 9.45 in Quercus brantii, Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica stands, respectively. The results showed a positive linear relationship between stemflow and the gross rainfall.
Conclusion: In general, with the increase in the amount of precipitation, the value of the funneling coefficient enhanced. Among the three studied stands, oak stand had the lowest and pine had the highest mean funneling coefficient. By knowing the ecohydrological components of the canopy and trunk of different trees, one can have a better understanding of the water cycle in the region. In addition, this knowledge makes it possible to discuss with more confidence regarding the distance of planting and density of trees and the application of silvicultural measures in order to improve the water entering the soil through rainfall in this forest ecosystem.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Canopy
  • Ecohydrology
  • Stemflow
  • Trunk
  • water storage
 
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