مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

بررسی تأثیر تاج‌پوشش و فصل ‌نمونه‌برداری بر ویژگی‌های زیستی خاک در رویشگاه‌های تاغ (Tamarix hispida Willd.) و گز (Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bunge ex Fenzl) استان قم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم زیستی جنگل، گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
2 دانشیار مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
4 استادیار مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
5 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان قم، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران
چکیده
مقدمه: رویشگاه‌های ارزشمند ایران- تورانی، بخش بسیار مهم و وسیعی از کل رویشگاه‌های کشور محسوب می‌شوند. بـا وجـود پژوهش‌هـای گسـترده در زمینـة الگـوی تغییرات زمـانی مقـدار دی‌اکسـید کـربن متصاعدشـده از خـاک توده‌هـای جنگلـی جهان تا کنون گزارش علمی در این زمینـه از خـاک رویشگاه‌های ایران تورانی ارائه نشده است. درختچه‌های تاغ و گز از گونه‌های بومی و مؤثر بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک در منطقۀ رویشی ایران- تورانی هستند. این پـژوهش نخستین تحقیق دربارۀ تغییرات فصـلی تنفس خاک در یکی از رویشگاه‌های مهم بخش ایران- تورانی (رویشگاه‌های خالص تاغ و گز واقع در استان قم)، مقایسۀ ویژگی‌های زیستی و تغییرات احتمالی آنها در دو بخش زیر تاج‌پوشـش و بیرون تاج‌پوشـش، در طی دو فصل پاییز و بهار است.
مواد و روش‌ها: در بهار و پاییز، از محل‌های زیر سایه‌انداز تاج (تیمار) و خارج از تاج‌پوشش (شاهد)، 30 پایه تاغ (Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bunge ex Fenzl) و 30 پایه گز  (Tamarix hispida Willd.)در جهت شرق درخت و در عمق 15-0 سانتی‌متری نمونه‌برداری خاک انجام گرفت. هر سه نمونه خاک از تیمار و شاهد جداگانه و به‌طور تصادفی ترکیب شدند و در نهایت 20 نمونۀ مرکب به‌دست آمد. نمونه‌ها برای اندازه‌گیری مقدار اسیدیته، ترسیب کربن خاک و فاکتورهای زیستی تنفس‌های پایه و برانگیخته، زی‌تودۀ میکروبی کربن و پتانسیل نیتریفیکاسیون تجزیه شدند. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از تجزیۀ واریانس سه‌طرفه انجام گرفت.
یافته‌ها: فاکتور زیستی تنفس برانگیخته دارای اختلاف معنی‌دار در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد در دو سطح گونه و زمان است که مقدار میانگین آن در هر گرم خاک خشک در روز در بهار در خاک گونۀ گز 97/20 و در خاک گونۀ تاغ 96/7 میلی‌گرم CO2 و در پاییز به‌ترتیب 95/2 و 025/2 میلی‌گرم اندازه‌گیری شد. فاکتور زی‌تودۀ میکروبی کربن دارای اختلاف معنی‌دار در طی زمان و بیشترین مقدار در فصل پاییز بود. مقدار میانگین کربن زیست‌توده در گونۀ گز در پاییز 08/4 و در بهار 03/2 و در گونۀ تاغ در پاییز 02/4 و در بهار 03/3 میلی‌گرم در صد گرم خاک خشک محاسبه شد. مقدار بقیۀ فاکتورهای شیمیایی و اندوختۀ کربن خاک در خاک گونۀ گز با اختلاف معنی‌دار بیشتر بود. موقعیت نمونه‌برداری (‌زیر و بیرون تاج‌پوشش) در هیچ‌یک از فاکتورهای زیستی، اختلاف معنی‌داری ایجاد نکرد.
نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که میکروارگانیسم‌های خاک در بهار بیشتر از پاییز فعالیت دارند و تحت تأثیر دورۀ خشکی و گرمای تابستانه از فعالیت میکروارگانیسم‌ها کاسته می‌شود و با نزدیک شدن به پایان فصل رویش، شاخص‌های کیفـی و توانایی بهره‌دهی خاک کاهش می‌یابد. با توجه به تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌دار درختچۀ گز بر افزایش تنفس برانگیخته، مواد آلی و ترسیب کربن، حفظ و احیای این گونۀ بومی باارزش باید در اولویت قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Investigation of the impact of canopy cover and sampling season on soil biological characteristics in Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix hispida habitats in Qom province

نویسندگان English

M. Ordibehesht 1
M. Matinizadeh 2
A. Shirvany 3
H. Ravanbakhsh 4
Hossein Tavakoli Neko 5
1 Ph.D. Student of Biology Forest Sciences, Dept. of Forestry and Forest Economics Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Forestry and Forest Economics Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
4 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
5 Assistant Prof,, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Qom, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: The valuable  Iran-Turanian habitats are considered as an important and extensive part of the habitats of the country. Despite extensive research on the temporal patterns of carbon dioxide emitted from forest soils worldwide, there has been no scientific report in this field about the soil of Iran-Turanian habitats in Iran. The shrubs of  Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bunge and Tamarix hispida Willd. are among the native species that significantly affect the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil in the Iran-Turanian vegetation region. This research is the first to investigates the seasonal changes in soil respiration in one of the important habitats of this part of Iran (pure Haloxylon and Tamarix  habitats, located in Qom province), comparing the biological characteristics and their potential changes under and outside the  canopy coverduring the  autumn and spring seasons.
Material and Methods: In spring and autumn, soil samples were taken from under the canopy shade (treatment) and outside the canopy cover (control) of 30 Haloxylon ammodendron and 30 Tamarix hispida plants on the east direction of the trees and at a depth of 0-15 cm. Each set of three soil samples from the treatment and control areas were randomly combined, resulting in  20 composite samples. The samples were analyzed for pH, soil carbon sequestration, and biological factors such as basal and induced respiration, microbial biomass carbon, and nitrification potential. Data analysis was performed using three-way ANOVA.
Results: The biological factor of induced respiration showed a significant difference at the 95% confidence level (P<0.05) across both species and time. The average amount of CO2 per gram of dry soil per day in spring was measured at 20.97 mg in Tamarix soil and 7.96 mg in  Haloxylon soil. In autumn, these values were 2.95 and 2.025 mg CO2 per gram of dry soil per day, respectively. The microbial carbon concentration factor also showed a significant difference over time, with the highest value in autumn. The average amount of biomass carbon in Tamarix soil was 4.08 in autumn and 2.03 mg in spring, while in Haloxylon soil, it was 4.02 mg in autumn and 3.03 mg in spring per 100g ˉ¹ dm. The amount of other chemical factors and soil carbon accumulation was significantly higher in Tamarix soil. The sampling position (under and outside the canopy) did not make a significant difference in any of the biological factors.
Conclusion: The findings show that soil micro-organisms are more active in spring compared to autumn. Their activity decreases due to dry period and summer heat, and as the growing season ends, the activity of the microorganisms has decreased. Given the significant positive impact of Tamarix shrubs on increasing induced respiration, organic matter and carbon storage, the preservation and restoration of this valuable native species should be prioritized.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Carbon sequestration
dry ecosystem
microbial respiration
season
soil biology
 
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  • تاریخ دریافت 01 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 01 دی 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 23 دی 1402