مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

تأثیر اصلاح‌کننده‌های مختلف خاک بر آبشویی نیترات در نهال‌های گلدانی شیردار (Acer cappadocicum Gled.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری رشتۀ علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
3 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
4 دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج
چکیده
مقدمه: نیترات (NO-3) ترکیبی مهم در تغذیۀ گیاه محسوب می‌شود که آبشویی مقادیر زیاد آن افزون‌بر کاهش بارخیزی خاک ممکن است سلامت محیط زیست را با خطر مواجه کند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر بیوچار پوستۀ برنج و انواع مختلف کود به‌صورت خالص و آمیخته بر آبشویی نیترات از خاک نهال‌های گلدانی شیردار انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش از نوزده تیمار با سه تکرار در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی استفاده شد که شامل: پوستۀ برنج به مقدار 5/0 و 1 درصد حجمی خاک، بیوچار پوستۀ برنج 5/0، 1 و 2 درصد حجمی خاک، کود گاوی 75/0 و 25/1 درصد حجمی خاک، کود شیمیایی در دو سطح 1. سوپرفسفات‌تریپل 25، سولفات آمونیوم 75/18 و سولفات پتاسیم 75/18 و2. سوپرفسفات‌تریپل50، سولفات آمونیوم 5/37 و سولفات پتاسیم 5/37 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک، تیمار خاک بستر کاشت(شاهد)و ترکیب تیمارها بود.غلظت نیترات به روش اسپکتروفتومتری تعیین شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل آماری با استفاده از نرم‌افزار R و مقایسۀ میانگین‌ها با استفاده از آزمون دانکن انجام گرفت.
یافته‌ها: بیشترین غلظت نیترات آب زهکشی در مرحلۀ اول در تیمار کود شیمیایی سطح 2، مرحله‌های دوم و چهارم در ترکیب کود شیمیایی سطح 1 و کود گاوی 75/0 درصد حجمی خاک و مرحلۀ سوم در تیمار کود گاوی 75/0 درصد حجمی خاک مشاهده شد.بیشترین مقدار pH آب زهکشی در مرحلۀ اول در ترکیب تیمار کود شیمیایی سطح 1 و بیوچار 5/0 درصد،در مرحله‌های دوم و سوم نتیجه‌گیری: در تیمار خاک بستر کاشت و در مرحلۀ پنجم در تیمار کود شیمیایی سطح 1 و بیوچار 5/0 درصد مشاهده شد.
نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که افزودن بیوچار سبب کاهش هدایت الکتریکی و غلظت نیترات و افزایش pH آب زهکشی می‌شود. بنابراین با توجه به اثر مفید بیوچار در کاهش آبشویی نیترات و شوری خاک که بدون تردید اثرات مثبت زیست‌محیطی خواهد داشت، توصیه می‌شود از بیوچار پوستۀ برنج برای تولید نهال در نهالستان‌های جنگلی استفاده شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

The effect of different soil amendments on nitrate leaching in the soil of potted saplings Acer cappadocicum Gled

نویسندگان English

S. Rahimnejad 1
S.M. Hojjati 2
H. Asadi 3
H. Jalilvand 2
M. Mahmoudi 4
1 Ph.D. student Forest Sciences and Engineering Dept., Natural Resources Faculty, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
2 prof., Forest Sciences and Engineering Dept., Natural Resources Faculty, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
3 Assistant prof., Forest Sciences and Engineering Dept., Natural Resources Faculty, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
4 Research Assistant prof., Soil and Water Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Nitrate (NO-3) is an important compound in plant nutrition. However, the leaching of large amounts of it can reduce soil fertility and endanger environmental health and quality of life.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rice husk biochar and different types of pure and mixed fertilizers on nitrate leaching from the soil of one-year-old potted saplings of Acer cappadocicum Gled (with an average collar diameter of 17.3 mm and a height of 19.72 cm). This research was conducted in Lajim nursery, north of Iran, using 19 treatments with three replications in a completely randomized design. The treatments included rice husk at 0.5% and 1% by volume, biochar of rice husk at 0.5%, 1%, and 2% by volume, cow manure at 0.75% and 1.25% by volume, and chemical fertilizer at two levels: 1) triple superphosphate 25, ammonium sulfate 18.75, and potassium sulfate 18.75 mg per kilogram of soil and 2) triple superphosphate 50, ammonium sulfate 37.5, and potassium sulfate 37.5 mg per kilogram of soil. The soil treatment of the planting bed (control) and the combination of treatments were also included. To collect drainage water for measuring the amount of nitrate leaching, potted seedlings were irrigated 20% more than the normal irrigation amount, and samples were taken in five stages (from April to September, once before adding ammonium nitrate fertilizer and four times after its addition). In the laboratory, nitrate concentration was measured by the spectrophotometric method. Statistical analysis was performed using R software, and a comparison of means was performed using Duncan's test.
Findings: According to the results, in the first stage of sampling, the highest concentration of nitrate in drainage water was observed in the chemical fertilizer level 2. In the second and fourth stages, it was observed in the combination of chemical fertilizer level 1 and 0.75% cow manure by volume, and in the third stage, it was observed in the treatment with 0.75% cow manure by volume. The highest pH value of the drainage water in the first stage of sampling was observed in the combination of chemical fertilizer level 1 and 0.5% biochar. In the second and third sampling stages, the control showed the highest pH value. In the fifth stage, the result was the same as the first stage. Also, the combination of chemical fertilizer level 1 and 0.75 percent cow manure caused an increase of 204, and 0.5% biochar caused a total decrease of 39.4 mg/liter of nitrate leaching.
Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the application of biochar causes a decrease in electrical conductivity and nitrate concentration and an increase in the pH of drainage water. Therefore, considering the beneficial effect of biochar in reducing nitrate leaching and soil salinity, which will definitely bring positive environmental effects, it is recommended to use rice husk biochar to produce seedlings in forest nurseries.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Biochar
Rice husk
Chemical fertilizer
Cow manure
Nursery lajeim
                                                  
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  • تاریخ دریافت 07 آذر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری 10 آبان 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 28 مرداد 1402