مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

نقش زغال زیستی در بهبود زنده‌مانی، رشد و صفات فیزیولوژی نهال‌های دست‌کاشت دیمِ سرو نقره‌ای، در یک منطقۀ نیم‌خشک کوهستانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران
2 استاد گروه جنگلداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران
3 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز آموزش و تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، ساری، ایران
4 کارشناس ارشد ادارۀ کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری مازندران، ساری، ایران
5 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران
چکیده
مقدمه: زغال زیستی (بیوچار) ماده‌ای غنی از کربن متخلخل است که به‌عنوان اصلاح‌کنندۀ خاک و با توانایی حفظ مواد غذایی و آب و افزایش تحمل به خشکی گیاهان مورد توجه است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی کاربرد زغال زیستی (با منشأ چوب ممرز و دمای پیرولیز 450 درجۀ سانتی‌گراد) بر زنده‌مانی، رشد و صفات فیزیولوژی نهال‌های سرو نقره‌ای (Cupressus arizonica Green) در شرایط دیم و آبیاری در یک عرصۀ جنگلی تخریب‌یافتۀ کوهستانی (دوآب سوادکوه، شمال ایران) بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی به‌مدت پنج ماه در ماه‌های خشک بهار و تابستان انجام گرفت. ترکیب تیمارها عبارت بود از: 1. خاک شاهد- آبیاری؛ 2. خاک شاهد- دیم؛ 3. خاک تیمارشده با زغال زیستی-آبیاری؛ 4. خاک تیمارشده با زغال‌ زیستی- دیم. برای مشخص شدن اثر معنی‌داری تیمارها از آنالیز واریانس دوطرفه و برای مقایسۀ میانگین‌ها از آزمون تی جفتی استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که صرف‌نظر از اثر تیمار خاک، نهال‌های آبیاری‌شده از زنده‌مانی بیشتری (90 درصد) در مقایسه با نهال‌های دیم (56 درصد) برخوردار بودند. درحالی که در شرایط دیم، زنده‌مانی در تیمار زغال زیستی، 75 درصد و تقریباً دوبرابر خاک شاهد بود. در هر دو حالت دیم و آبیاری، نهال‌های رشدیافته در خاک تیمارشده با زغال زیستی، نسبت به خاک شاهد بزرگ‌تر بودند. بدون در نظر گرفتن اثر تیمار خاک، فتوسنتز و تعرق در شرایط دیم کاهش یافت. همانند تیمار آبیاری، تیمار زغال زیستی سبب افزایش صفات تبادلات گازی (20 تا60 درصد) نهال‌ها نسبت به مقادیر این صفات در خاک شاهد شد. هدایت مزوفیلی، محتوای رطوبت نسبی برگ و رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی در تیمار آبیاری بیشتر از شرایط دیم بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: برای احیای عرصه‌های تخریب‌یافتۀ جنگلی مناطق نیم‌خشک کوهستانی شمال کشور با نهال سرو نقره‌ای، می‌توان توصیه کرد که در سال‌های اولیه، نهال‌ها بدون اعمال زغال زیستی و فقط با آبیاری مدیریت شوند، اما در شرایط دیم بهتر است از زغال زیستی استفاده شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

The role of biochar in improving the survival, growth and physiological traits of Arizona cypress seedlings, in a semi-arid mountainous region

نویسندگان English

D Ahmadi 1
M Tabari 2
S. E. Sadati 3
Y Davoudi Karsalari 4
B Mohammadi 4
K Nourmohammadi 5
1 M. Sc. Student, Dept. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, I. R. Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, I. R. Iran
3 Associate Prof., Research Division of Natural Resources, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, I. R. Iran
4 Senior Expert, General Directorate of Natural Resources and Watershed Management, Mazandaran, Sari, I. R. Iran
5 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, I. R. Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Biochar, a porous carbon-rich substance, is considered a soil amendment with the ability to preserve food and water and increase drought tolerance in plants. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar (derived from hornbeam wood and produced at a pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C) on the survival, growth, and physiological traits of Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica Green) seedlings under rainfed and irrigation conditions in a mountainous degraded forest (Do-Ab in Savadkouh region, north of Iran).
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design for five months during the dry months of spring and summer. The treatment combinations included: 1) control soil-irrigation, 2) control soil-rainfed, 3) soil treated with biochar-irrigation, and 4) soil treated with biochar-rainfed. Two-way analysis of variance (AOVA) was used to determine the significant effect of the treatments, and a paired t-test was used to compare the means.
Findings: The results showed that, regardless of the effect of soil treatment, irrigated seedlings had greater survival (90%) compared to rainfed seedlings (56%). However, under rainfed conditions, the survival rate in the biochar treatment was 75%, almost twice that of the control soil. In both rainfed and irrigation conditions, the seedlings grown with biochar had larger sizes than those in the control soil. Regardless of the effect of soil treatment, the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration decreased under rainfed conditions. Similar to the irrigation treatment, the biochar treatment caused an increase in gas exchanges (20-60%) compared to those in the control soil. Mesophyll conductance, relative water content, and photosynthetic pigments were higher in the irrigation treatment than in the rainfed condition.
Conclusion: To restore the degraded forests of the semi-arid mountainous regions of northern Iran with Arizona cypress seedlings, it is recommended that in the early years, the seedlings be managed by irrigation without applying biochar. However, under rainfed conditions, it is recommended to use biochar to enhance seedling survival and growth.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Cupressus arizonica
Height growth
Photosynthetic pigments
Relative water content
Survival
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  • تاریخ دریافت 21 اسفند 1401
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