Ahmadi, M.T., Attarod, P., Marvi Mohadjer, M.R., Rahmani, R., & Fathi, J. (2009). Canopy interception loss in a pure oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stand during the summer season. Iranian Journal of Forest, 1(2), 175-185. (In Persian)
Attarod, P., Abbasian, P., Grant-Pypker, T., Ahmadi, M.T., Zahedi-Amiri, G., Soofi-Mariv, H., & Bayramzadeh, V. (2019). Replacing an oriental beech forest with a spruce plantation impacts nutrient concentrations in throughfall, stemflow, and O layer.
Forest Systems, 28(2), 10.
https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2019282-14782
Azizmoradi, S., Bazigar, M., & Amiri Neghad, A.A. (2018). Investigating the cycle of sodium element between stemflow, soil and leaves of trees in two states of growth and leaves. 8th national conference on sustainable agriculture and natural resources. Tehran. (In Persian)
https://civilica.com/doc/802522
Beniamino, F., Ponge, J.F., & Arpin, P. (1991). Soil acidification under the crown of oak trees I. Spatial distribution. Forest Ecology and Management 40(3), 221-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(91)90041-S
Brasell, H.M., Unwin, G.L., & Stocker, G. (1980). The quantity, temporal and distribution of mineral element content of litter fall in two forest types at two sites in Australia. Journal of Ecology, 68, 123–129.
Bryant, M.L., Bhat, S., & Jacobs, J.M. (2005). Measurements and modeling of throughfall variability for five forest communities in the southeastern US.
Journal of Hydrology, 312, 95-108.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.02.012
Chiwa, M., Crossley, A., Sheppard, L.J., Sakugawa, H., & Cape, J.N. (2004). Throughfall chemistry and canopy interactions in a Sitka spruce plantation sprayed with six different simulated polluted mist treatments. Environmental Pollution, 127(1), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00259-8
Eaton, J.S., Likens, G.E., & Bormann, F.H. (1973). Throughfall and stemflow chemistry in a northern hardwood forest.
Journal of Ecology,
61, 495-508.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2259041
Fisher, R.F., & Binkley, D. (2000). Ecology and management of forest soils, Third edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA, 456 pp.
Habashi, M. (2019). Nutrient dynamics in rainfall, troughfall and litterflow of Hornbeam trees in the Caspian forests of northern Iran (Case study: Shastkalateh forest). Journal of Wood & Forest Science and Technology, 26(3), 97-108. https://doi.org/ 10.22069/jwfst.2019.15973.1783. (In Persian)
Hassanzad Navroodi, I., & Safarkar, T. (2018). Study of the altitude effect on abundance and composition of tree regeneration in natural forest stands of Astara. Plant Research Journal (Iranian Biology Journal), 31(4), 781-790. (In Persian)
Houbao, F., Hong, W., Ma, Z., & Waki, K. (1999). Acidity and chemistry of bulk precipitation, throughfall and stemflow in a Chinese fir plantation in Fujian, China. Forest Ecology and Management, 122, 243-248. https://doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00011-0
Jana, P., Dasgupta, S., & Todaria, N.P. (2021). Throughfall and stemflow nutrient flux in deodar and oak forests, Garhwal Himalaya, India.
Water Science & Technology Water Supply, 21(2).
http://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.00
Levia, D.F., & Frost, E.E. (2003). A review and evaluation of stemflow literature in the hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles of forested and agricultural ecosystems. Journal of Hydrology, 274(1-4), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00399-2
Lin, T.C., Humburg, S.P., Hsia, Y.J., King, H.B., Wang, L.J., & Lin, K.Ch. (2001). Base cation leaching form the canopy of Subtropical rain forest northeastern Taiwan.
Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 31, 1150-1163.
https://doi.org/10.1139/x01-035
Lovett, G., Nolan, S., Driscoll, C., & Fahey, T. (2011). Factors regulating throughfall flux in a New Hampshire forested landscape. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 26, 2134-2144. https://doi.org/10.1139/x26-242
Marvie Mohadjer, M.R. (2013). Silviculture. University of Tehran press. 2709. 4th Edition. 418 p. (In Persian)
Mosayeb Neghad, I., Rostami Shahraji, T., Kahneh, E., & Porbabaii, H. (2007). Evaluation of native broadleaved forest plantations in east of Guilan province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 15(4), 319-311. (In Persian)
Moslehi, M., Habashi, H., & Khormali, F. (2011). Effect of throughfall and forest floor leachate of beech on base cation dynamics in mixed stand.
Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 19(1), 93-83.
https://doi.org/10.22092/ijfpr.2011.107609. (In Persian)
Nsien, I.B., Offiong, E.E., Olowoyo, F.B., Ogar, B.I. & Eric, E.E. (2021). Nutrient cycling through precipitation pathways: rainfall, stemflow and throughfall in
Diospyros crassiflora (Hiern) plantation in Umuahia, Abia state-Nigeria.
Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies & Management 14(6): 787 – 798. doi:
https://ejesm.org/doi/v14i6.10
Parhizkar, P., Ali Ahmad Korori, S., Moraghebi, F., & Adeli Pish Bijari, E. (2002). Peroxidase enzyme in order to lookoing for resistance individuals. Pajouhesh and Sazandeg,. 15(3-4) 56-57. (In Persian)
Parker, G.G. (1983). Throughfall and stemflow in the forest nutrient cycle. Advances in Ecological Research, 13, 57-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60108-7
Salehi, M., Zahedi Amiri, Gh., Attarod, P., Salehi, A., Brunner, I., Schleppi, P., & Thimonier, A. (2015). Seasonal variation of TF chemistry in pure and mixed stands of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in Hyrcanian forests (Iran).
Annals of Forest Science, 73, 371-380
. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-015-0525-2
Su, L., Zhao, C., Xu, W., & Xie, Z. (2019). Hydrochemical Fluxes in Bulk Precipitation, Throughfall, and Stemflow in a Mixed Evergreen and Deciduous Broadleaved Forest.
Forests,
10(6), 507.
https://doi.org/10.3390/f10060507
Tafazoli, M., Attarod, P., Hojjati, S.M., & Tafazoli, M. (2020). Throughfall Chemistry of Persian Maple (Acer velutinim) and Turkish Pine (Pinus brutia) Plantations in East of Mazandaran.
Ecology of Iranian Forests. 7(14), 39-47. https://doi.org/
10.29252/ifej.7.14.39. (In Persian)
