مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

توزیع مکانی و ارزیابی ریسک فلزات سنگین در خاک و برگ درختان پسته (مطالعۀ موردی: منطقۀ کبوترخانه– رفسنجان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استاد گروه محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، همدان، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، همدان، ایران
3 دانش‌آموختۀ کارشناسی محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، همدان، ایران
چکیده
مقدمه: آلودگی خاک با فلزات‌ سنگین ممکن است کیفیت خاک را تغییر دهد، زیرا این فلزات پایدارند و از لحاظ بیولوژیکی تغییر نمی‌کنند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی غلظت، توزیع مکانی و ارزیابی ریسک فلزات‌ سنگین مس، روی، کروم و نیکل در خاک و برگ درختان پسته (Pistacia vera L.) در منطقۀ کبوترخانۀ شهرستان رفسنجان در استان کرمان صورت گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: نمونه‌برداری در یک عرصۀ پیوسته و به‌صورت سیستماتیک- تصادفی از عمق 0 تا 20 سانتی‌متر انجام گرفت. پس از آنالیز شیمیایی، غلظت فلزات‌ سنگین توسط دستگاه جذب اتمی (AAS) اندازه‌گیری شد. ارزیابی ریسک آلودگی به فلزات‌ سنگین توسط فاکتور غنی‌شدگی، Igeo و ریسک اکولوژیکی انجام گرفت. آنالیز واریوگرام و نقشۀ توزیع مکانی فلزات سنگین در خاک توسط نرم‌افزار Arc GIS 9.3 و روش کریجینگ بررسی شد.
یافته‌ها: میانگین غلظت فلزات‌ سنگین در نمونه‌های خاک برای کروم 91/20، مس 11/12، روی 2/53 و نیکل 32/29 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم بود. در نمونه‌های برگ، مس 91/0 و روی 78/13 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم به‌دست آمد. نیکل و کروم در نمونه‌های برگ تشخیص‌پذیر نبودند. براساس استاندارد WHO و FAO میانگین غلظت فلزات‌ سنگین در نمونه‌های خاک و برگ کمتر از حد استاندارد بود. همچنین نتایج ارزیابی ریسک آلودگی نشان داد که خاک منطقه از نظر غلظت فلزات‌ سنگین در طبقۀ غنی‌شدگی و ریسک کم قرار دارد. نقشه‌های توزیع مکانی برای مس و روی روند افزایشی و برای کروم روند کاهشی به ‌سمت شمال منطقه نشان دادند. عنصر نیکل در شمال منطقه دارای بیشترین غلظت بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: بیشترین تجمع مس در برگ درخت پسته در نواحی نزدیک جاده مشاهده شد. تجمع روی در برگ درختان نیز در کل منطقه زیاد بود. به‌طور کلی غلظت فلزات‌ سنگین در نمونه‌های خاک و برگ پسته کمتر از حد استاندارد ایمن بود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in soil and leaf of pistachio trees (Case Study: Kabootar Khaneh - Rafsanjan)

نویسندگان English

E. Solgi 1
H. Abbasitabar 2
F. Hasanvand 3
F. Bakhshi 3
1 Prof., Dept. of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
3 BSc, Dept. of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Soil contamination by heavy metals can change soil quality, because they are permanent and does not change by biological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration, spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals including copper, zinc, chromium and nickel in the soil and leaf of pistachio trees in the Kabootar Khaneh area in Rafsanjan city, Kerman province, Iran.
Materials and Methods: Soil sampling was performed based on a systematic random method from the  depth of 0 to 20 cm. After chemical analysis of the samples, the concentration of heavy metals was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Risk assessment of heavy metals was carried out using enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and ecological risk index. Variogram analysis and spatial distribution map of heavy metals in soil were analyzed by ArcGIS 9.3 software and kriging method.
Results: The average concentration of chromium, copper, zinc and nickel in soil samples was 20.91, 12.11, 53.2 and 29.32 mg/kg, respectively. In leaf samples, concentration of copper and zinc were 0.91 and 13.78 mg/kg, respectively. Nickel and chromium were not detected in leaf samples. The concentration of heavy metals in soil and leaf samples was below WHO and the FAO standards, Additionally, the results of pollution risk assessment showed that the soil of the region was in the low category of enrichment and low risk in terms of heavy metal concentrations. Spatial distribution maps showed that the concentration of copper and zinc increased and chromium decreased towards the north of the region. Nickel had the highest concentration in the north of the region.
Conclusions: The leaf of the trees near the road had the highest amount of copper accumulation. The accumulation of zinc in the leaf of trees was also high in the whole region. In general, the concentrations of heavy metals in soil samples and pistachio leaf were below the standard limit considered as safe.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Agricultural soil
Geostatistics
Heavy metals
Pistachio
Risk Assessment
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دوره 16، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
تابستان 1403
صفحه 243-256

  • تاریخ دریافت 14 آبان 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری 19 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 24 دی 1402