مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

پیشران‌های کلیدی تأثیرگذار بر تحقق‌پذیری احکام جایگزین حبس در حفاظت از جنگل‌های استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان و کارشناس ادارۀ کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان گلستان، ایران.
2 دانش آموخته دکتری جنگلداری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.
3 پژوهشگر توسعه روستایی و کارشناس اقتصاد کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استانداری گلستان، ایران.
چکیده
مقدمه: مسئلۀ تعیین و اجرای احکام جایگزین حبس در مدیریت عرصه‌های منابع طبیعی ایران نسبتاً نوظهور بوده و با چالش‌های مختلفی همراه است. آرای صادرۀ جایگزین در حوزۀ منابع طبیعی ضمن اثراگذاری مثبت، در صورت استفادۀ شتاب‌زده پیامدهای منفی در حفاظت از جنگل‌ها خواهد داشت. تحقیق حاضر با هدف تحلیل عوامل کلیدی تأثیرگذار بر تحقق‌پذیری موفق احکام جایگزین حبس در حفاظت از جنگل‌های استان گلستان انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش از نوع تحلیلی و اکتشافی است. جامعۀ آماری، قضات و کارشناسان حقوقی، کارشناسان و نیروهای حفاظت از جنگل در استان گلستان بودند که 60 نفر از آنها به‌عنوان نمونه به شیوۀ هدفمند انتخاب شدند. ابزار سنجش تحقیق پرسشنامه‌ای بود که توسط پژوهشگران طراحی شد. عوامل ابتدا با بهره‌گیری از تکنیک دلفی و مصاحبه با 15 نفر از کارشناسان تخصصی منابع طبیعی و حقوقی شناسایی و براساس جلسه‌ای به روش گروه متمرکز 20 عامل نهایی در قالب ماتریس N*N ارائه شد. در این ماتریس تأثیر عوامل سطر بر هر یک از عوامل ستون در یک طیف چهارگزینه‌ای بدون تأثیر (با ارزش عددی صفر)، تأثیر ضعیف (با ارزش عددی 1)، تأثیر متوسط (با ارزش عددی 2) و تأثیر زیاد (با ارزش عددی 3) نمره‌دهی شد. پس از جمع‌آوری و دسته‌بندی داده‌ها، از روش آمار توصیفی در محیط نرم‌افزار SPSS25 و برای تعیین عوامل تأثیرگذار بر اجرای موفق احکام جایگزین حبس در حفاظت از جنگل‌های استان گلستان، از نرم‌افزار MicMac استفاده شد.
نتایج: بر اساس نتایج تحقیق، عوامل «تنوع‌بخشی در نوع احکام جایگزین»، «تبدیل ریالی حکم جایگزین صادره محکومین حبس به‌ویژه افراد دارای پتانسیل سرمایه‌گذاری»، «زمینه‌سازی آموزش مرتکبان جرم و قضات تخصصی در راستای سیاست‌های سازمان منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری کشور» و «فرهنگ‌سازی عمومی از طریق تبلیغات محیطی و رسانه‌ای در جهت پذیرش احکام جایگزین حبس» با بیشترین مقدار عددی به‌دست‌آمده، مهم‌ترین عوامل دارای اثرگذاری مستقیم در اجرای موفق احکام جایگزین حبس در حوزۀ مدیریت عرصه‌های جنگلی به‌دست آمد.
بحث: صدور احکام جایگزین حبس می‌تواند اثرات مثبت و منفی در مدیریت عرصه‌های جنگلی داشته باشد. در هنگام تعیین و اجرای این نوع از احکام، نظام قضایی و مدیریت منابع طبیعی ایران با چالش‌های مختلفی مواجه است. به‌دلیل انتظارات عمومی در برخورد قاطع با متخلفان عرصه‌های جنگلی و فقدان جنبه‌های سزاگرایانه در کیفرهای جایگزین به‌ویژه خدمات عمومی رایگان، اجرای این مجازات‌ها در حمایت و حفاظت از جنگل‌ها بیشتر از سایر برنامه‌های عدالت کیفری در معرض اتهام ناکارآمدی بوده‌اند. بنابراین با طراحی و برنامه‌ریزی منسجم و نظارت مستمر کمی و کیفی بر نحوۀ اجرای آرای صادره جایگزین در حوزۀ مدیریت جنگل، ارزیابی و پایش مداوم کارکرد اعمال مجازات جایگزین حبس بر تکرار ارتکاب جرم، می‌تواند بخش زیادی از مشکلات موجود را رفع کرد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، متناسب‌سازی احکام جایگزین صادره با سیاستگذاری حفاظتی سازمان منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری کشور و تبدیل آن به فرصت‌های سرمایه‌گذاری، جذب جریان‌های نقدی جهت تأمین اعتبارات اجرایی طرح‌ها و پروژه‌های احیایی، اصلاحی و حفاظتی، از مهم‌ترین پیشنهاد‌های تحقیق حاضر مبتنی بر صدور احکام جایگزین حبس در مدیریت حفاظتی آینده جنگل‌هاست.      
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Key factors influencing the realizability of alternative prison sentences in forest conservation in Golestan province

نویسندگان English

Z. Karimi Manesh 1
A Khalili 2
M.R. Shahraki 3
1 Ph.D. Student Private Islamic Azad University Gorgan and Expert of the Dept. of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Golestan Province, Iran.
2 Ph.D. of Forestry, Dept. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Researcher of rural development and expert in agricultural economics and natural resources of Golestan Governorate, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: The issue of determining and implementing alternative prison terms in the management of Iran's natural resources is relatively new and is faced with various challenges. The alternative votes issued in the field of natural resources are a double-edged sword, which can lead to positive and negative effects in forest conservation. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the key factors influencing the successful realizability of alternative prison sentences in forest conservation in Golestan province.
Materials and Methods: This research is analytical and exploratory. The statistical population under study was made up of judges and legal experts, as well as rangers of forest conservation in Golestan province, among which 60 individuals were selected as purposive sample. Information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire using the Delphi technique and interviews with 15 specialized natural resources and legal experts. Based on a focused group session, 20 final factors were presented in an N*N matrix. In this matrix, the impact of row factors on each column factor was scored on a four-option scale: no impact (value 0), weak impact (value 1), moderate impact (value 2), and strong impact (value 3). After categorizing the data, MicMac software was used to determine the factors influencing the successful realizability of alternative prison sentences in forest conservation in Golestan province.
Results: The results of the research showed the indicators of "diversification in the type of alternative sentences", "real conversion of the alternative sentence issued by the perpetrators of imprisonment, especially people with investment potential", "creating the context for the training of crime perpetrators and specialized judges in line with the policies of Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization of Iran " and "public awareness through out-of-home and media advertising in order to accept alternative sentences of imprisonment" with the highest numerical value obtained as the most important direct influencing factors in successful realizability. Alternative prison sentences were obtained in the field of forest management.
Conclusion: Issuing alternative sentences to imprisonment can have positive and negative effects in the management of forest areas. Iran's judicial system and natural resources management face various challenges when determining and implementing these types of rulings. Due to the public expectations in decisively dealing with forest offenders and the lack of punitive aspects in alternative punishments, especially free public services, the implementation of these punishments in forest management and conservation are more accused to be inefficient than other criminal justice programs. Therefore, with organized design and planning and constant quantitative and qualitative monitoring of the implementation of alternative votes in the field of forest management, continuous evaluation and monitoring of the effectiveness of alternative punishments for repeat offenders can help to address many existing issues. According to the obtained results, adapting the issued alternative rulings to the protection policies of the Natural Resources and Watershed Organization of the country and turning them into investment opportunities, attracting cash flows to provide the executive credits of the rehabilitation, restoration and conservation projects are among the most important suggestions of the current research for issuing alternative prison sentences in the future management of forest conservation.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Alternative Sentence
Forest Conservation
Punishment
Violation
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  • تاریخ دریافت 08 بهمن 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 13 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 28 تیر 1403