مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

ویژگی‌های خشک‌دارها در جنگل‌های دست‌نخورده و مدیریت‌شدۀ راش- ممرز (منطقۀ کلاردشت)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران
2 استاد گروه جنگلداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران
چکیده
مقدمه: توجه به تأثیر شیوه‌های مختلف مدیریت جنگل بر مشخصات کمی و کیفی خشک‌دارها، در حفاظت و عملکرد اکوسیستم‌های جنگلی اهمیت زیادی دارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسۀ مشخصات کمّی (تعداد و حجم) و کیفی (گونه، شکل ظاهری، درجۀ پوسیدگی و طبقات قطری) خشک‌دارها در یک جنگل مدیریت‌شده و یک جنگل دست‌نخوردۀ راش- ممرز در منطقۀ کلاردشت انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش، در هر دو جنگل، با بهره‌گیری از آماربرداری 100 درصد، پس از شناسایی کامل خشک‌دارها (با قطر بزرگ‌تر از 5/7 سانتی‌متر)، قطر و طول خشک‌دارهای سرپا، افتاده و کُنده به تفکیک گونه ثبت شد و حجم هر یک مطابق فرمول‌های مربوط تعیین شد. به‌علاوه، تعداد و حجم خشک‌دارها بر اساس طبقات قطری و درجات پوسیدگی در دو جنگل یادداشت شد.
یافته‌ها: تعداد خشک‌دارها در جنگل‌های دست‌نخورده و مدیریت‌شده به‌ترتیب 60/2 و 85/1 اصله و حجم آنها به‌ترتیب و 49/13 و 59/6 مترمکعب در هکتار بود. در هر دو جنگل، بیش از 80 درصد تعداد و حجم خشک‌دارها به گونه‌های راش و ممرز اختصاص داشت. همچنین، بیشترین فراوانی (92/76 تا 08/81 درصد) و حجم (94/79 تا 92/85 درصد) مربوط به خشک‌دارهای افتاده بود و خشک‌دارهای سرپا و کنده با اختلاف، در رتبه بعدی قرار داشتند. بیشترین تعداد خشک‌دارها در جنگل دست‌نخورده (54/36 درصد) به خشک‌دارهای با قطر50 تا 75 سانتی‌متر و در جنگل مدیریت‌شده (11/30 درصد) به خشک‌دارهای با قطر 35 تا 50 سانتی‌متر تعلق داشت، درحالی که در هر دو جنگل، خشک‌دارهای قطورتر از 75 سانتی‌متر بیشترین حجم را دارا بودند. بیشترین تعداد و حجم در جنگل دست‌نخورده به خشک‌دارهای با درجۀ پوسیدگی 4 و در جنگل مدیریت‌شده به‌ترتیب، به درجۀ پوسیدگی 3 و 2 اختصاص داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: درکل، مدیریت جنگل سبب کاهش تعداد و حجم خشک‌دارها شد و توزیع خشک‌دارها در طبقات و درجات پوسیدگی را تحت ‌تأثیر قرار داد. در حقیقت، نظر به اهمیت خشک‌دارها در پایداری اکوسیستم، در صورت اجرای طرح‌های بهره‌برداری و مدیریت با اهداف پرورش جنگل، طراحان و کارشناسان جنگل، باید به توزیع مناسب خشک‌دارها (با تأکید بر شکل‌ها، طبقات قطری و درجات پوسیدگی) در جنگل توجه کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Deadwood characteristics in intact and managed beech-hornbeam forests (Kelardasht region)

نویسندگان English

M. Soleymanpoor 1
M. Tabari 2
ُS.M. Hosseini 2
1 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, I. R. Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, I. R. Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Considering the impact of different forest management methods on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of deadwood is of great importance in the protection and functioning of forest ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to compare the quantitative (number and volume) and qualitative (species, types, degree of decay, and diameter classes) characteristics of deadwoods in two managed forest and intact beech-hornbeam forest in Kelardasht region, north of Iran.
Material and Methods: In this research, in both forests, using full inventories after complete identification of deadwoods (with a diameter >7.5 cm), the diameter and length of snags, logs and stumps were recorded by species and the volume of each was calculated according to the respective equations. In addition, the number and volume of deadwoods were recorded based on the diameter classes and the degree of decay in two forests.
Results: The number of deadwoods in the intact and managed forests was 2.60 and 1.85, respectively, and their volume was 13.49 and 6.59 m3/ha, respectively. In both forests, more than 80% of the number and volume of deadwoods were allocated to beech and hornbeam. Also, the highest frequency (76.92% to 81.08%) and volume (79.94% to 85.92%) were recorded for logs, but snags and stumps were in the next ranks. The highest number of deadwoods in the intact forest (36.54%) belonged to deadwoods with a diameter of 50 to 75 cm and in the managed forest (30.11%) to deadwoods with a diameter of 35 to 50 cm. This is despite the fact that in both forests, deadwoods >75 cm had the highest volume. The highest number and volume in the intact forest was assigned to the deadwoods with decay grade 4 and in the managed forest with decay grade 3 and 2, respectively.
Conclusion: In general, forest management reduced the number and volume of deadwoods and affected the distribution of them in classes and degrees of decay. In fact, considering the importance of deadwoods in ecosystem sustainability, in the case of implementation of exploitation and management plans with the objectives of forest training, it is necessary for the designers and forest experts to distribute the deadwoods properly (with emphasis on the shapes, diameter classes and degrees of decay) in a forest.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Decay degree
Exploited forest
Natural forest
Oriental beech
Snag
 
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  • تاریخ دریافت 14 بهمن 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 07 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 04 خرداد 1403