مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

برآورد موجودی حجمی جنگل‌های هیرکانی ایران با استفاده از قطعه نمونه‌های دائمی و روش نمونه‌برداری دومرحله‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
2 پژوهشگر، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
3 پژوهشگر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران
4 استادیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران
چکیده
مقدمه: موجودی حجمی یا حجم سرپای جنگل از مهم‌ترین مشخصه‌های کمّی جنگل است که در آماربرداری‌های ملی جنگل به‌منظور بررسی وضعیت فعلی و تغییرات منابع جنگلی برآورد و پایش می‌شود تا از نتایج آن در سیاستگذاری‌ها و برنامه‌ریزی‌های مدیریت جنگل استفاده شود. هدف این تحقیق، برآورد موجودی حجمی جنگل‌های هیرکانی با استفاده از قطعه نمونه‌های دائمی و روش نمونه‌برداری دومرحله‌ای است. این روش مختص آماربرداری در مناطق وسیع است.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آماربرداری سراسری در جنگل‌های ناحیۀ رویشی هیرکانی کشور شامل 104 حوضۀ آبخیز با استفاده از روش نمونه‌برداری دومرحله‌ای انجام گرفت. براساس این روش 42 حوضۀ آبخیز به‌صورت تصادفی انتخاب شد و نمونه‌برداری در هر کدام در پارسل‌های تصادفی براساس شبکه‌ای منظم به ابعاد 200 ×150 متر با استفاده از قطعه‌ نمونه‌های دائمی دایره‌ای 10 آری انجام گرفت. در داخل هر قطعه نمونه قطر همۀ گونه‌های درختی قطورتر از 7.5 سانتی‌متر در ارتفاع برابرسینه، فاصله و زاویۀ آنها نسبت به مرکز قطعه نمونه، ارتفاع نزدیک‌ترین درخت به مرکز هر قطعه نمونه و همچنین قطورترین درخت در داخل هر قطعه نمونه اندازه‌گیری و ثبت شد.
یافته‌ها: پس از اتمام آماربرداری در مجموع 1195 قطعه نمونۀ 10 آری دایره‌شکل پیاده و در نهایت 33517 اصله درخت در داخل این قطعه نمونه‌ها بررسی و اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین متغیرهای قطر سطح مقطع متوسط، رویه زمینی، حجم سرپا و تراکم جنگل در محدودۀ این جنگل‌ها با احتساب حد شمارش 7.5 سانتی‌متر به‌ترتیب 38 سانتی‌متر (میانگین حسابی قطر: 29.5 سانتی‌متر)، 29 متر مربع در هکتار، 359 متر مکعب در هکتار و 340 پایه در هکتار است (میانگین حجم سرپا و تراکم جنگل با احتساب حد شمارش 12.5 سانتی‌متر به‌ترتیب 355 متر مکعب در هکتار و 254 پایه در هکتار است). بیشترین موجودی حجمی سرپا در محدودۀ ارتفاعی میان‌بند و کمترین آن در محدودۀ ارتفاعی پایین‌بند مشاهده شد. از نظر توزیع حجم در طبقات قطری نیز بیشتر حجم موجودی در طبقه‌های قطری قطور و خیلی قطور جنگل یعنی در دامنۀ قطری 50 تا 80 سانتی‌متر با حدود 46 درصد حجم موجودی کل مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین تراکم جنگل در محدودۀ ارتفاعی پایین‌بند و بالابند و کمترین آن در محدودۀ ارتفاعی میان‌بند به‌دست آمد. براساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده دو گونۀ راش و ممرز در مجموع 56.5 درصد فراوانی گونه‌های درختی و 71.2 درصد حجم سرپای جنگل‌های هیرکانی کشور را تشکیل می‌دهند.
 نتیجه‌گیری: با محاسبۀ موجودی (تراکم، رویه زمینی و حجم سرپا) جنگل‌های هیرکانی افزون‌بر کسب اطلاعات مهم زیست‌سنجی از این ناحیۀ رویشی، داده‌های لازم برای مدیریت این منابع، بررسی تنوع زیستی، مقدار ذخیره کربن، افزایش کیفیت توده‌ها و برنامه‌ریزی برای دخالت‌های پرورشی به‌منظور کنترل کمی و کیفی این جنگل‌ها فراهم می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Estimation of volume stock in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran using permanent sample plots and a two-stage sampling method

نویسندگان English

R. Akhavan 1
M. Hassani 2
Sh. Sobh Zahedi 3
R. A. Khorrami Katrimi 4
1 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Researcher, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Researcher, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Forest volume stock is one of the most important quantitative characteristics of forests, which is estimated and monitored in national forest inventories to study the current situation and changes in forest resources. Therefore, its results can be used in forest management policies and plans. The purpose of this study was to estimate the volume stock of the Hyrcanian forests of Iran using permanent sample plots and a two-stage sampling method, which is specific for inventory in large areas.
Material and Methods: This forest inventory was conducted in the Hyrcanian vegetation region in northern  Iran including 104 watersheds, using a two-stage sampling method. Based on this sampling method, 42 watersheds were randomly selected and sampling was carried out in  randomly selected parcels of them using a regular grid with dimensions of 150×200 meters with circular permanent sample plots of 1000 m2 area. Inside each sample plot, the diameter at breast height (DBH) of all tree species greater than 7.5 cm, their distance and angle to the center of the  plot, the height of the closest tree to the center,  and  the diameter of the thickest tree in each sample plot were measured and recorded.
Results: At the end of inventory, a total of 1195 circular sample plots (each 10 Ares) were established and 33517 trees were measured. Results showed that the mean quadratic mean diameter (QMD), basal area, standing volume and forest density in these forests, considering a minimum DBH of 7.5 cm, are 38 cm (arithmetic mean: 29.5 cm), 29 m2/ha, 359 m3/ha and 340 trees/hectare, respectively (The mean standing volume and tree density, considering a minimum DBH of 12.5 cm, are 355 m3/ha and 254 trees/ha, respectively). The highest and lowest standing volumes were observed in the middle land and lowland areas of these forests, respectively. In terms of volume distribution across diameter classes, the majority of volume stock was observed in the large and extra-large diameter classes, i.e., in the diameter range of 50 to 80 cm accounting for approximately 46% of the total volume stock. Furthermore, the highest forest density was found in the lowland and highland and the lowest in the middle land areas of these forests. Based on the obtained results, beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) together constitute  56.5% of total tree  abundance and 71.2% of the total volume stock in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran.
Conclusion: By calculating the stock (density, basal area and standing volume) of these forests, in addition to obtaining important biometric information from this valuable vegetation region, the necessary data for  resource management,  biodiversity assessment,  carbon storage estimation, stand quality improvement and planning  silvicultural interventions  to control both the quantity and  quality of these forests are provided.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Basal area
Forest density
National forest inventory
Standing volume
Watershed
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  • تاریخ دریافت 23 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 12 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 05 آذر 1403