مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

تغییرات ویژگی‌های زیستی خاک در توده های بلوط ایرانی (Quercus brantii Lindl) با شدت‌های مختلف خشکیدگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی آب و خاک، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب و خاک، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایران
3 دکتری علوم جنگل، گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایران
10.22034/ijf.2025.446800.1978
چکیده
سابقه و هدف: جنگل‌های زاگرس یکی از پنج منطقه اکولوژیکی ایران و از گسترده‌ترین رویشگاه‌های بلوط در دنیا محسوب می‌شوند که در سال‌های اخیر با پدیده خشکیدگی بلوط ایرانی مواجه شده و هر روز بر وسعت آن افزوده می‌شود. این تحقیق با هدف مقایسه برخی خصوصیات شیمیایی و زیستی خاک و محاسبه شاخص کیفیت خاک در درجه‌های مختلف خشکیدگی تاج درختان بلوط ایرانی در بخشی از رویشگاه طبیعی آنها در زاگرس جنوبی و استان ایلام انجام شده است. مواد و روش‌ها: با توجه به اهداف پژوهش، نمونه‌برداری خاک در قالب طرح فاکتوریل ] 4 طبقه خشکیدگی تاج (زیر 15 درصد، 15-35 درصد، 35-60 درصد، بیشتر از 60 درصد) × 2 فرم رویشی (بلوط دانه‌زاد و بلوط شاخه‌زاد) × 2 عمق نمونه‌برداری (0-10 سانتی‌متر و 10-30 سانتی‌متر) × 3 تکرار [ انجام گرفت. از آنالیز واریانس دوطرفه (GLM) جهت بررسی اثرات اصلی طبقات خشکیدگی، فرم رویشی، عمق نمونه‌برداری و همچنین اثرات متقابل بین آنها بر مشخصه‌های خاک استفاده و مقایسه میانگین‌ها با آزمون دانکن در سطح 5 درصد و نرم‌افزار SPSS 23 انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس دو طرفه نشان داد که اثر خشکیدگی، فرم گونه، عمق نمونه‌برداری و اثرات متقابل آنها بر تنفس برانگیخته و آنزیم فسفاتاز قلیایی بدون معنی اما بر نیتروژن کل، آنزیم اوره‌از، کربن زی‌توده میکروبی و بهره میکروبی معنی‌دار بود. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که با افزایش شدت خشکیدگی درختان، شاخص‌های حاصلخیزی و کیفیت خاک مانند کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل، تنفس پایه و آنزیم اوره‌آز کاهش پیدا می‌کنند به‌طوری که مقدار کربن آلی درختان سالم و درختان خشکیده به‌ترتیب برابر با 5/1 درصد و 74/0 درصد بود. نیتروژن کل از درختان سالم به خشکیده بلوط دانه‌زاد 16/0 درصد به 06/0 درصد، و در بلوط شاخه‌زاد 12/0 درصد به 07/0 درصد کاهش یافت. تنفس پایه از از 58/19 به 95/15 میلی‌گرم دی‌اکسید کربن در هر گرم، آنزیم اوره‌آز از 56/133 به 42/75 میکروگرم آمونیوم آزاد شده در هر گرم خاک بلوط دانه‌زاد و 08/199 به 40/50 میکروگرم آمونیوم آزاد شده در هر گرم خاک در بلوط شاخه‌زاد کاهش یافتند.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج، در تحقیق حاضر نمی‌توان الگوی معینی برای تمام مشخصه‌های اندازه‌گیری شده (مانند کربن زی‌توده میکروبی و بهره میکروبی) پیدا کرد اما با توجه به بیشتر بودن کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل، کربن زی‌توده میکروبی، بهره میکروبی و شاخص کیفیت خاک در فرم رویشی دانه‌زاد، لازم است به‌منظور مقابله با پدیده خشکیدگی بلوط ایرانی و اثر آن بر حاصلخیزی خاک، با جنگلکاری و دیگر اقدامات مدیریتی این فرم رویشی بیشتر مد نظر قرار بگیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Soil biological properties variations in Persian oak stands (Quercus brantii Lindl.) with different dieback intensities

نویسندگان English

N Ghalavand 1
M Bazgir 2
M Karamian 3
M Rostaminia 2
1 M.Sc Student, Dept. of Soil and Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Iran.
2 Associate Prof., Dept. of Soil and Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Iran.
3 Ph.D. in forest science, Department of forest science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Iran.
چکیده English

Background and Objectives: Zagros forests are one of the five ecological regions of Iran and are considered to be one of the largest oak habitats in the world. This study was conducted with the aim of compare some chemical and biological properties of the soil and calculating the soil quality index in different degrees of crown dieback of Persian oak trees in a part of their natural habitat in South Zagros and Ilam province.
Materials and Methods: According to the objectives of the study, soil sampling in the factorial design [ 4 classes of crown dieback (below 15%, 15-35%, 35-60%, more than 60%) × 2 vegetative forms (Quercus brantii coppice and Quercus brantii standard) × 2 Sampling soil depth (0-10 cm and 10-30 cm) × 3 repetitions ]. The two-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the main impact of drought levels, forms, depth and their interactions on soil properties and Duncan test was employed to compare the means at the 5% level were done in SPSS software version 23.
Result: The two-way analysis of variance showed that the effect of dieback, vegetative form, soil depth and their interaction effects on substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and alkaline phosphatase enzyme were insignificant, but on total nitrogen (TN), urease enzyme, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial quotient (qmic) were significant. The comparison of mean showed that with the increase in the severity of the crown dieback of the trees, the fertility and soil quality indicators such as organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), basal respiration (BR) and urease enzyme decrease, so that the amount of organic carbon in healthy trees and dried trees were equal to 1.5% and 0.74%, respectively. Total nitrogen decreased from healthy trees from 0.16% to 0.06% in dieback Quercus brantii standard, and 0.12% to 0.07% in Quercus brantii coppice. Basal respiration from 19.58 to 15.95 (mg CO2 g-1), urease enzyme from 133.56 to 75.42 (µgrNH4-N/gr-1 soil dry. 2h-1) of Quercus brantii standard and 199.08 to 40.50 (µgrNH4-N/gr-1 soil dry. 2h-1) in Quercus brantii coppice.
Conclusion: According to the results In the current research, it is not possible to find a specific pattern for all the measured properties (e.g MBC and qmic), but due to the higher OC, TN, MBC, qmic and soil quality index (SQI) in Quercus brantii standard, In order to deal with the dieback phenomenon of Persian oak and its effect on soil fertility, it is necessary to consider more with afforestation and other management measures of this vegetative form.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Ilam
Quercus brantii standard
Quercus brantii coppice
crown dieback
soil depth
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دوره 17، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
تابستان 1404
صفحه 293-308

  • تاریخ دریافت 26 اسفند 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 08 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 25 شهریور 1403