مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

مرگ‌ومیر و سرخشکیدگی درختان در پارک جنگلی دلند ایران: ارزیابی عوامل انسانی و محیطی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دکتری رشته جنگلداری، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، گلستان، ایران.
2 استاد تمام رشته جنگلداری، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، گلستان، ایران.
3 دانشیار رشته اکولوژی جنگلی، گروه اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، گلستان، ایران.
چکیده
جنگل­ها اکوسیستم­های مهمی هستند که طیف وسیعی از موجودات زنده را شامل می­شوند. اخیرا، بسیاری از درختان جنگلی، به‌ویژه در پارک‌های جنگلی، به دلیل عوامل مختلفی نظیر ظرفیت بیش‌ازحد گردشگران و دلایل ناشناخته در حال خشک شدن هستند و باعث ایجاد نگرانی­های فراوانی در میان مردم، محققان و متصدیان مربوطه شده است. با توجه به اهمیت این موضوع، این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر عوامل محیطی و انسانی بر خشکیدگی و مرگ درختان پارک جنگلی دلند واقع در استان گلستان واقع در شمال شرق ایران پرداخته است. از دستگاهDGPS-RTK  برای ثبت موقعیت‌های درختان سرخشکیده  و مقدار خشکیدگی آن­ها در قطعات دایره‌ای 1000 مترمربع استفاده شد. همچنین، تمام درختان مرده با استفاده از ارتوموزاییک حاصل از تصاویر پهپاد مربوط به سال 1400 به‌صورت بصری شناسایی شدند؛ و موقعیت همه درختان ثبت گردید. سپس، تأثیر پارامتر زون‌های تفرجی، تیپ‌های درختی، فاصله از چاه‌های آب و فاصله از جاده‌های جنگلی بر سرخشکیدگی درختان مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت. علاوه بر این، تأثیر نسبی متغیرهای ذکرشده بر درختان خشکیده محاسبه گردید. بر اساس تجزیه‌وتحلیل طرح آزمایشی کاملاً تصادفی در قالب فاکتوریل، تیپ‌های درختی به‌طور معنی‌داری در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد بر سرخشکیدگی درختان تأثیر دارد. علاوه بر این، اثرات متقابل فاصله از چاه‌های آب با مناطق تفرجی و فاصله از جاده‌های جنگلی و همچنین تیپ‌های درختی تأثیر معنی‌داری را بر سرخشکیدگی درختان نشان دادند. همچنین، نتایج بررسی اثرات نسبی متغیرهای ذکرشده بر درختان خشکیده نشان داد که درختان خشکیده در مناطق تفرجی متمرکز، تیپ‌های جنگلی خالص و در فواصل 0 تا 100 متری از جاده‌های جنگلی و فاصله 200 تا 400 متری از چاه‌های آب از فراوانی بیشتری برخوردار هستند. بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش، توصیه می‌شود بایستی برداشت غیرضروری آب از چاه‌ها متوقف گردد و اقدامات مدیریتی و اجرایی در اطراف جاده‌های جنگلی و مناطق تفرجی برای کاهش فشار بر مناطق تحت تأثیر این عوامل کاهش یابد. همچنین بررسی علل مرگ و میر و خشکیدگی درختان در سایر جنگل­های هیرکانی ضروری می­باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Tree mortality and dieback in Daland Forest Park, Iran: An assessment of Human and Environmental Factors

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Hassan Naseri 1
Shaban Shataee Jouibary 2
Hashem Habashi 3
1 Ph.D of Forestry, Dept. of Forestry, Faculty of Fotest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Golestan, 386, Iran.
2 Prof., of Forestry, Dept. of Forestry, Faculty of Fotest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Golestan, 386, Iran.
3 Associate Prof., of Forest Ecology, Dept. of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Fotest Sciences, Gorgan ‎University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran‎.
چکیده English

Forests are important ecosystems that contain a wide range of living organisms. Recently, many forest trees, particularly in forest parks, have been  experiencing dieback due to various factors, causing  concerns among the public, researchers, and relevan authorities. Due to the importance of this issue, this study investigated the effect of environmental and human factors on the dieback and death of trees in Daland Forest Park, located in the Golestan Province, northeastern Iran. We used an RTK-DGPS to record the positions of dieback-affected trees and their percentages of dieback in circular plots of 1000 m2. In addition, all dead trees were visually identified using a UAV orthomosaic from 2021, and their locations were recorded. The effects of recreational areas, forest types, distance from water wells, and forest roads on tree dieback were analyzed. In addition, the relative impact of variables on dead trees was calculated. Based on tree dieback analysis using completely randomized factorial, tree dieback occurrence in the forest type is significantly affected, at a 99% confidence level. Additionally, the distance from water wells, recreation zones, and forest roads had a mutual effect on the amount of tree dieback. The analysis  of  dead trees showed that their occurrence was relatively higher  in  recreation-centered zones,  certain forest types, and at distances of 0-100 meters from forest roads and  200-400 meters from water wells. Based on the findings, it is recommended to halt  water extraction from the park’s wells and implement management treatments  around forest roads and recreation zones to reduce pressure factors. It is also necessary to investigate the causes of tree mortality and  dieback in other parts of the  Hyrcanian forest.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Dead tree
Forest degradation
Forest health
Relative effect
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  • تاریخ دریافت 05 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 29 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 19 مهر 1403