مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

تأثیر کوددهی با لجن فاضلاب بر ویژگی‌های خاک و پاسخ‌های رویشی درختان صنوبر کبوده (Populus alba L.) سه‌ساله

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار پژوهشی، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.
2 کارشناس پژوهش، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/ijf.2025.493216.2024
چکیده
مقدمه: در زراعت چوب همانند دیگر فعالیت‌های زراعی، مصرف انواع کود شیمیایی و آلی می‌تواند سبب افزایش تولید در واحد سطح شود. لجن فاضلاب به‌عنوان محصول فرعی مهم ناشی از فرایند تصفیۀ فاضلاب، نوعی پسماند آلی است که می‌تواند سبب افزایش مادۀ آلی و عناصر غذایی خاک شده و در افزایش رشد و عملکرد گیاه اثر بسزایی داشته باشد. با توجه به ضرورت مدیریت و دفع مناسب لجن فاضلاب تولیدشده در تصفیه‌خانه‌ها و بهبود خصوصیات فیزیکی- شیمیایی خاک در نتیجۀ کاربرد لجن فاضلاب به‌عنوان نوعی پسماند آلی، هدف این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر کوددهی با لجن فاضلاب بر ویژگی‌های خاک و عملکرد رویشی درختان صنوبر کبوده سه‌ساله (Populus alba L. “20/45”) بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی (سه بلوک) با تیمار لجن فاضلاب در سه سطح (0، 10 و 20 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع) و سه پلات 16 متر مربعی (نه اصله درخت با فواصل کاشت 2×2 متر در هر پلات) در هر بلوک در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی البرز مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور انجام گرفت. در پایان هر فصل رویش به‌مدت سه سال، در هر تیمار متغیرهای رویشی (قطر برابرسینه و ارتفاع کل) همۀ درختان اندازه‌گیری و عملکرد تولید چوب محاسبه شد. در اواسط فصل رویش سوم، نمونه‌های گیاهی (ریشه، ساقه و برگ) و نمونه‌های خاک از هر تیمار در سه تکرار جمع‌آوری شد. در آزمایشگاه ویژگی‌های فیزیکی- شیمیایی خاک و غلظت عناصر غذایی و فلزات سنگین اندام‌های گیاهی تعیین شد.
یافته‌ها: کوددهی با لجن فاضلاب سبب افزایش معنی‌دار کربن آلی و سطح عناصر غذایی نیتروژن، فسفر، سولفور، روی (01/0 P ≤) و مس (05/0 P ≤) در خاک شد. به‌طوری ‌که در تیمار 20 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع لجن فاضلاب، کربن آلی خاک نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش 8/381 درصدی نشان داد. همچنین تیمار 20 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع لجن فاضلاب سبب افزایش معنی‌دار غلظت نیکل، کروم (05/0 P ≤) و سرب (01/0 P ≤) در خاک نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. نتایج بررسی متغیرهای رویشی درختان صنوبر کبوده سه‌ساله نشان داد که کوددهی با لجن فاضلاب بر متغیرهای قطر برابرسینه، ارتفاع و حجم در هکتار درختان صنوبر تأثیر مثبت معنی‌داری داشت، به‌طوری ‌که تیمار 20 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع لجن فاضلاب به‌ترتیب سبب افزایش 19، 20 و 5/63 درصدی قطر برابرسینه، ارتفاع و حجم در هکتار درختان نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. کوددهی با لجن فاضلاب سبب افزایش معنی‌دار غلظت عناصر غذایی نیتروژن و فسفر در اندام‌های ریشه، ساقه و برگ درختان صنوبر شد. تأثیر کوددهی با لجن فاضلاب بر غلظت برخی عناصر غذایی کمیاب شامل روی در اندام‌های ریشه، ساقه و برگ (01/0 P ≤) و مس در اندام‌های ریشه و برگ (05/0 P ≤) نیز معنی‌دار بود. همچنین کوددهی با لجن فاضلاب سبب افزایش معنی‌دار غلظت فلز نیکل در اندام‌های ریشه و برگ (05/0 P ≤) درختان صنوبر شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به افزایش عملکرد رویشی درختان صنوبر کبوده در خاک کوددهی‌شده با لجن فاضلاب پس از گذشت سه سال و نبود تفاوت معنی‌دار بین سطوح کاربردی لجن فاضلاب از یک‌سو و افزایش سطح برخی فلزات سنگین خاک در تیمار 20 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع لجن فاضلاب از سوی دیگر، برای صنوبرکاری با درختان کبوده در شرایطی مشابه با شرایط پژوهش حاضر، کوددهی با تیمار 10 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع لجن فاضلاب توصیه می‌شود. البته با توجه به دورۀ بهره‌برداری حداقل شش تا هشت سال برای صنوبرکاری‌ها،‌ باید تأثیر کاربرد لجن فاضلاب حداقل تا پایان سال ششم از نظر تأثیر بر ویژگی‌های خاک و عملکرد رویشی درختان صنوبر بررسی شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Effects of sewage sludge fertilization on soil properties and growth responses of three-year-old Populus alba trees

نویسندگان English

A Salehi 1
S Teimouri 1
P Ghadiripour 2
1 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Research Expert, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: In tree plantations, like other agricultural activities, the use of chemical and organic fertilizers can lead to an increase in wood production. Sewage sludge, as an important by-product resulting from wastewater treatment processes, is a type of organic waste that can increase the organic matter and the concentration of the macro and micro nutrients in the soil, and play a significant role in improving plant growth and performance. Considering safe and sustainable disposal of sewage sludge is one of the important environmental concerns, and as well as improving the physico-chemical properties of soil, the present study aims to investigate the effect of application of the sewage sludge from South Wastewater Treatment Plant of Tehran on soil properties and performance of three-year poplar trees (Populus alba L. "20/45").
Material and Methods: The present study was carried out in a completely randomized block design, with three treatments of sewage sludge (0, 10, and 20 kg m-2) and three plots 16 m2 (9 trees in each plot with planting spacing: 2×2 m) in each block, in the Alborz Research Center of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran. At the end of each growing season, the growth and increment variables (height and diameter at breast height) of all trees were measured and wood production was calculated. In the middle of the third growing season, tree (root, stem and leaf) and soil samples were taken from each treatment in three replicates. In the laboratory, the physico-chemical properties of soil and nutrients and concentration of heavy metals in tree organs were determined.
Results: Fertilization with sewage sludge had a significant positive effect on the organic matter and the concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn) (P ≤ 0.01) and copper (Cu) (P ≤ 0.05) in the soil. So that in the treatment of 20 kg m-2of sewage sludge, soil organic carbon showed an increase of 381.8% compared to the control soil. Likewise, the treatment of 20 kg m-2of sewage sludge led to a significant increase in the concentrations of some heavy metals such as nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) (P ≤ 0.05) and lead (Pb) (P ≤ 0.01) in the soil. The results showed that sewage sludge application had a positive significant impact on growth performance of poplar trees. So that the treatment of 20 kg m-2of sewage sludge led to an increase of 19, 20 and 63.5% in diameter, height, and volume per hectare of poplar trees, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The analysis of plant samples showed that sewage sludge application significantly increased the concentration of N, P and Zn (P ≤ 0.01) in root, stem and leaf and Cu and Ni (P ≤ 0.05) in root and leaf of poplar trees.
Conclusion: Considering an increasing growth performance of three-year-old poplar trees in the soil fertilized with sewage sludge and no significant differences between the applied levels of sewage sludge, and increasing level of some heavy metals in the treatment of 20 kg m-2of sewage sludge, this study suggests that a reasonable rate (10 kg m-2) of sludge application can provide soil amendment and additional nutrients for fast-growing trees without any threat to the food chain and pollution of soil by heavy metals. Of course, considering a rotation of six to eight years for poplar plantations, it is necessary to investigate the effect of sewage sludge application at least until the end of the sixth year on soil characteristics and growth performance of poplar trees.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Heavy metals
Nutrients
Organic waste
Soil amendment
Wood production
 
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دوره 17، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
تابستان 1404
صفحه 211-224

  • تاریخ دریافت 03 دی 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 14 دی 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 24 دی 1403