مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

برآورد شاخص تنوع گونه‌ای چوبی با استفاده از روش‌های مختلف درون‌یابی و تصاویر ماهواره‌ای (مطالعۀ موردی: جنگل‌های مریوان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
دانشیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و مرکز پژوهش و توسعۀ جنگلداری زاگرس شمالی دکتر هدایت غضنفری، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.
10.22034/ijf.2025.485786.2014
چکیده
مقدمه: آگاهی از پراکنش مکانی تنوع گونه‌های گیاهی برای مدیران جنگل به‌منظور شناسایی زیستگاه‌های آسیب‌پذیر ضروری است. مقایسۀ روش‌های مختلف درون‌یابی و انتخاب بهترین روش برآورد شاخص تنوع گونه‌ای چوبی اطلاعات باارزشی در اختیار مدیران جنگل قرار می‌دهد. بدین ترتیب می‌توان مناطق مناسبی را برای ذخیره‌گاه‌ها و دیگر مناطق حفاظت‌شده معرفی کرد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش، روش‌های مختلف درون‌یابی برای برآورد شاخص تنوع گونه‌ای شانون- وینر به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین شاخص‌های تنوع گونه‌های چوبی بررسی شد. از 95 قطعه نمونۀ مربع‌شکل با مساحت 1600 متر مربع برای محاسبۀ شاخص تنوع زیستی شانون- وینر در بخشی از جنگل‌های شهرستان مریوان استفاده شد. روش‌های درون‌یابی مکانی همانند معکوس فاصلۀ وزنی (IDW)، کریجینگ و کوکریجینگ برای برآورد شاخص تنوع گونه‌ای بررسی شدند. همبستگی شاخص‌های طیفی NDVI، RVI، SAVI و NDWI حاصل از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای سنتینل 2 با شاخص تنوع گونه‌ای شانون- وینر بررسی شد و در نهایت از شاخص طیفی SAVI به‌دلیل ضریب همبستگی بیشتر به‌عنوان متغیر کمکی  برای روش کوکریجینگ استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: واریانس ساختار در استفاده از روش‌های کریجینگ و کوکریجینگ به‌ترتیب 8/76 و 4/91 درصد به دست آمد که بر ساختار مکانی قوی متغیر شاخص تنوع گونه‌ای در منطقۀ پژوهش دلالت دارد. براساس آماره‌های تحت بررسی، با استفاده از متغیر شاخص تنوع گونه‌ای به‌تنهایی، روش کریجینگ معمولی نسبت به روش معکوس فاصلۀ وزنی، بهترین نتیجه و کمترین مقدار خطا را ارائه داد (043/27 = RMSEr). با استفاده از متغیر کمکی شاخص طیفی SAVI و کاربرد روش کوکریجینگ معمولی، نتایج برآورد شاخص تنوع گونه‌ای شانون- وینر اندکی بهبود یافت (422/26 = RMSEr). دامنۀ تأثیر در روش کریجینگ 240 متر و در روش کوکریجینگ و استفاده از متغیر کمکی، 4110 متر به دست آمد. استفاده از شاخص طیفی SAVI، سبب افزایش دامنۀ تأثیر شده و همبستگی مکانی تا فواصل بیشتری مشاهده می‌شود.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که امکان برآورد شاخص تنوع گونه‌ای شانون- وینر با استفاده از روش‌های مختلف درون‌یابی معکوس فاصلۀ وزنی، کریجینگ و کوکریجینگ در منطقه اجرای پژوهش و مناطق مشابه با دقت مناسب وجــود دارد. بهترین نتایج با استفاده از روش کوکریجینگ و استفاده از شاخص طیفی SAVI به‌عنوان متغیر کمکی به دست آمد. همچنین کوچک‌ترین ضریب تغییرات سطوح پیش‌بینی‌شده در روش کوکریجینگ معمولی مشاهده شد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Woody species diversity estimation using interpolation techniques and satellite imagery (Case study: Marivan Forests)

نویسنده English

M Pir Bavaghar
Associate Prof., Dept. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources & the Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: Information about the spatial distribution of plant species diversity is essential for forest managers to identify vulnerable habitats. Comparing different interpolation methods and selecting the best method for estimating the woody species diversity index provides valuable information to forest managers. In this way suitable areas can be identified for reserves and other protected areas.
Material and Methods: In this research, various interpolation methods were investigated to estimate the Shannon Wiener species diversity index, as one of the most important indices of woody species diversity. Ninety-Five square sample plots with an area of 1600 square meters were used to calculate the Shannon Wiener species diversity index in a part of the forests of Marivan. Spatial interpolation methods such as inverse weighted distance (IDW), kriging, and co-kriging were used to estimate the species diversity index. The correlation coefficient between NDVI, RVI, SAVI, and NDWI spectral indices obtained from Sentinel-2 satellite images and the Shannon Wiener species diversity index was calculated, and finally, the SAVI spectral index was used as an auxiliary variable for the co-kriging method due to its higher correlation coefficient.
Results: The structural variance using the kriging and co-kriging methods was 76.8% and 91.4%, respectively, indicating a strong spatial structure of the species diversity index variable in the study area. Based on the analyzed statistics, if the species diversity index variable is used alone, the ordinary kriging method provided the best results and the lowest error compared to IDW (RMSEr = 27.043). In the case of using the SAVI spectral index auxiliary variable and the ordinary co-kriging method, an RMSEr of 26.422% was obtained, which slightly improved the Shannon-Wiener species diversity index estimation results. The influence range was 240 meters in the kriging and 4110 meters in the co-kriging method and the use of auxiliary variables. Using the SAVI spectral index has led to an increase in the range of influence and spatial correlation can be observed over greater distances.
Conclusion: This research showed that it is possible to estimate the Shannon-Wiener species diversity index using different methods of IDW, kriging, and co-kriging in the research area and other areas with a similar situation with acceptable accuracy. The best results were obtained by using the co-kriging method and using the SAVI spectral index as an auxiliary variable. Also, the smallest coefficient of variation of predicted levels was observed in the ordinary co-kriging method.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Co-kriging
Kriging
Spatial structure
Zagros
 
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دوره 17، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
تابستان 1404
صفحه 259-276

  • تاریخ دریافت 14 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 17 دی 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 01 اسفند 1403