Akhavan, R., Hassani, M., Sobh Zadedi, S., & Khorrami Katrimi, R.A. (2025). Estimation of volume stock of Hyrcanian forests of Iran using permanent sample plots and two-stage sampling method. Iranian Journal of Forest, 17(1), 87-107. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijf.2025.471946.2001. (In Persian)
Alazmani, M., Hojjati, S.M., Waez-Mousavi, S.M., & Tafazoli, M. (2021). Effect of alder plantation age on soil carbon sequestration. Forest Research and Development, 7(2), 279-291. https://doi.org/10.30466/jfrd.2021.121058. (In Persian)
Amiri, N., & Mohammadi Limaei, S. (2021). Valuation of carbon sequestration and estimation of CO2 emission in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. Forestry Ideas, 27(2 (62)), 318-331.
Ares, A., Terry, T., Harrington, C., Devine, W., Peter, D., & Bailey, J. (2007). Biomass removal, soil compaction, and vegetation control effects on five-year growth of Douglas-fir in coastal Washington. Forest Science, 53(5), 600–610.
Asadi, H., Jalilvand, H., Tafazoli, M., & Hosseini, S.F. (2024). Modeling Suitable Habitats of Parrotia persica (DC.) CA Mey. in the Hyrcanian Forests Using Environmental Factors. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 33(1), 50-68. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijfpr.2024.366708.2173. (In Persian)
Asadi, H., Jalilvand, H., Tafazoli, M., & Hosseini, S.F. (2025). Modeling habitat suitability of Quercus castaneifolia in the Hyrcanian forest: a comprehensive integration of environmental factors for conservation insights. Biodiversity and Conservation, 34(1), 315-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02973-z
Baccini, A., Walker, W., Carvalho, L., Farina, M., Sulla-Menashe, D., Houghton, R.A. (2017). Tropical forests are a net carbon source based on aboveground measurements of gain and loss. Science 358, 230–234.
Bayranvand, M., Akbarinia, M., Salehi Jouzani, G., Gharechahi, J., & Alberti, G. (2021). Dynamics of humus forms and soil characteristics along a forest altitudinal gradient in Hyrcanian forest. iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 14(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor3444-013
Bennett, A.C., Penman, T.D., Arndt, S.K., Roxburgh, S.H., & Bennett, L.T. (2020). Climate more important than soils for predicting forest biomass at the continental scale. Ecography, 43(11), 1692-1705.
Bulmer, C., Venner, K., & Prescott, C. (2007). Forest soil rehabilitation with tillage and wood waste enhances seedling establishment but not height after 8 years. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 37(10), 1894–1906. doi:10.1139/X07-063. https://doi.org/10.1139/X07-063
Burt, T., Boardman, J., Foster, I., & Howden, N. (2016). More rain, less soil: long‐term changes in rainfall intensity with climate change. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 41(4), 563-566. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3868
Cannell, M.G.R. (2003). Carbon sequestration and biomass energy offset theoretical, potential and achievable capacities globally in Europe and UK, Biomass and Bioenergy, 24, 97-116.
Chicco, D., Warrens, M.J., & Jurman, G. (2021). The coefficient of determination R-squared is more informative than SMAPE, MAE, MAPE, MSE and RMSE in regression analysis evaluation. Peerj computer science, 7, e623. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.623
Cleophas, F., Isidore, F., Musta, B., Ali, B.M., Mahali, M., Zahari, N.Z., & Bidin, K. (2022). August. Effect of soil physical properties on soil infiltration rates. Journal of physics: conference series, 1(2314), 012020.
de Sousa, L.M., Poggio, L., Batjes, N.H., Heuvelink, G.B., Kempen, B., Riberio, E., & Rossiter, D. (2020). SoilGrids 2.0: producing quality-assessed soil information for the globe. Soil discussions, 1-37. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-217-2021
Devi, A.S. (2021). Influence of trees and associated variables on soil organic carbon: a review. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 45(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41610-021-00180-3
Fang, J., Shen, Z., Tang, Z., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Feng, J., Liu, Y., Qiao, X., Wu, X., & Zheng, C. (2012). Forest community survey and the structural characteristics of forests in China. Ecography, 35(12), 1059-1071.
Geng, Y., Baumann, F., Song, C., Zhang, M., Shi, Y., Kühn, P., Scholten, T., & He, J.S. (2017). Increasing temperature reduces the coupling between available nitrogen and phosphorus in soils of Chinese grasslands. Scientific reports, 7(1), 43524. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43524
Ghanbari, M.M., Babaie, K.S., Mataji, A., & Akhavan, R. (2021). Prelude on Estimation of Carbon Reserves in Beech Forests of Northern Iran. Human and Environment, 57, 60-72. (in Persian).
Hadinezhad, P., Asadi, H., Hojati, S.M., Tafazoli, M., & Yousefpour, R. (2025). Factors affecting tree drought stress in Hyrcanian forests. Forest Research and Development, 10(4), 431-451. https://doi.org/10.30466/jfrd.2024.55216.1718
Heineman, K.D., Jensen, E., Shapland, A., Bogenrief, B., Tan, S., Rebarber, R., & Russo, S.E. (2011). The effects of belowground resources on aboveground allometric growth in Bornean tree species. Forest Ecology and Management, 261(11), 1820-1832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.005
Hijmans, R.J., Van Etten, J., Mattiuzzi, M., Sumner, M., Greenberg, J.A., Lamigueiro, O.P., Bevan, A., Racine, E.B., & Shortridge, A. (2013). Raster package in R. Version. Https://Mirro Rs. Sjtug. Sjtu. Edu. Cn/Cran/Web/Packa Ges/Rast er/Raster. Pdf.
Hojjati, S.M., & Lamersdorf, N.P. (2010). Effect of canopy composition on soil CO2 emission in a mixed sprucebeech forest at Solling, Central Germany. Journal of Forestry Research, 21, 461-464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-010-0098-8
Hojjati, S.M., Tafazoli, M., Asadian, M., & Baluee, A. (2022). Estimation of carbon sequestration and forest soil respiration using machine learning models in Eastern Forests of Mazandaran Province. Forest Research and Development, 8(4), 371-388. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.30466/jfrd.2022.54304.1613
Hojjati, S.M., Tafazoli, M., Asadian, M., & Baluee, A. (2023a). Soil respiration and carbon stock responses to land use changes in the temperate forest of northern Iran. Environmental Earth Sciences, 82(18), 413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-023-11112-w
Hojjati, S.M., Tafazoli, M., Imani, M., Alazmani, M., Fallah, A., & Pourmajidian, M.R. (2023b). Variation in carbon sequestration and soil properties in relation to stand age in maple and alder plantations. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 42(6), 640-654. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2022.2059516
Hosseini, S.F., Jalilvand, H., Fallah, A., Asadi, H., & Tafazoli, M. (2024). Does the Frequency of Fog Affect the Structural Properties of Fagus orientalis in the Hyrcanian Forest?. Ecology of Iranian Forest, 12(2), 15-25. (In Persian) http://dx.doi.org/10.61186/ifej.12.2.15
Hyvönen, R., Persson, T., Andersson, S., Olsson, B., Ågren, G.I., & Linder, S. (2008). Impact of long-term nitrogen addition on carbon stocks in trees and soils in northern Europe. Biogeochemistry, 89, 121-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9121-3
Javanmiri Pour, M., & Etemad, V. (2024). Habitat trees in mixed stands and mid-altitude elevation in Hyrcanian forests (Case study: Kheyrud forest, Nowshahr). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 32(1), 29-45. (In Persian) https://doi.org/10.22092/ijfpr.2023.363743.2122
Körner, C., Jetz, W., Paulsen, J., Payne, D., Rudmann-Maurer, K., & M Spehn, E. (2017). A global inventory of mountains for bio-geographical applications. Alpine botany, 127, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00035-016-0182-6
Kuhn, M., Wing, J., Weston, S., Williams, A., Keefer, C., Engelhardt, A., Cooper, T., Mayer, Z., Kenkel, B., & Team, R.C. (2020). Package ‘caret’. The R Journal, 223(7), 48.
Kumar, R., Rawat, K.S., Singh, J., Singh, A., & Rai, A. (2013). Soil aggregation dynamics and carbon sequestration. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 5(1), 250-267.
Landuyt, D., Maes, S.L., Depauw, L., Ampoorter, E., Blondeel, H., Perring, M.P., Brūmelis, G., Brunet, J., Decocq, G., Den Ouden, J., & Härdtle, W. (2020). Drivers of above‐ground understorey biomass and nutrient stocks in temperate deciduous forests. Journal of Ecology, 108(3), 982-997. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13318
Lang, A.C., Härdtle, W., Bruelheide, H., Geißler, C., Nadrowski, K., Schuldt, A., Yu, M., & von Oheimb, G. (2010). Tree morphology responds to neighbourhood competition and slope in species-rich forests of subtropical China. Forest Ecology and Management, 260(10), 1708-1715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.015
Larjavaara, M., Chen, X., & Luo, M. (2024). A temperature-based model of biomass accumulation in humid forests of the world. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 7, 1142209. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1142209
Larjavaara, M., Lu, X., Chen, X., & Vastaranta, M. (2021). Impact of rising temperatures on the biomass of humid old-growth forests of the world. Carbon Balance and Management, 16, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-021-00194-3
Li, T., Zou, Y., Liu, Y., Luo, P., Xiong, Q., Lu, H., Lai, C., & Axmacher, J.C. (2022). Mountain forest biomass dynamics and its drivers in southwestern China between 1979 and 2017. Ecological Indicators, 142, 109289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109289
Lipiec, J., Walczak, R., Witkowska-Walczak, B., Nosalewicz, A., Słowińska-Jurkiewicz, A., & Sławiński, C. (2007). The effect of aggregate size on water retention and pore structure of two silt loam soils of different genesis. Soil and Tillage Research, 97(2), 239-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.10.001
Marvie Mohadjer, M.R. (2006). Silviculture. Tehran University Press. (in Persian).
Mohammadi, Z., Mohammadi Limaei, S., Lohmander, P., & Olsson, L. (2017). Estimating the aboveground carbon sequestration and its economic value: case study: Iranian Caspian Forests. Journal of Forest Research, 63(11), 511-518. (In Persian)
Naderi, M., Kialashaki, A., Veisi, R., Sheykheslami, A., & Tafazoli, M. (2021). Effect of Site on Soil Properties and Carbon Sequestration in Populus deltoids Stand in Sari. Ecology of Iranian Forest, 9(18), 187-195. (In Persian). http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/ifej.9.18.187
Öquist, M.G., He, H., Bortolazzi, A., Nilsson, M.B., Rodeghiero, M., Tognetti, R., Ventura, M., & Egnell, G. (2024). Nitrogen fertilization increases N2O emission but does not offset the reduced radiative forcing caused by the increased carbon uptake in boreal forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 556, 121739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2024.121739
Osabohien, R., Matthew, O., Aderounmu, U., & Olawande, T. (2019). Greenhouse gas emissions and crop production in West Africa: Examining the mitigating potential of social protection. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(1), 57.
Pandey, H.P. (2020). Response of topographic and biodiversity variables on biomass and carbon density in community forests of himalayan foot-hills. Journal of Forest and Livelihood, 19(1), 51-65.
Poggio, L., De Sousa, L.M., Batjes, N.H., Heuvelink, G.B., Kempen, B., Ribeiro, E., & Rossiter, D., (2021). SoilGrids 2.0: producing soil information for the globe with quantified spatial uncertainty. Soil, 7(1), 217-240. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-217-2021
Poorter, L., van der Sande, M.T., Arets, E.J., Ascarrunz, N., Enquist, B.J., Finegan, B., Licona, J.C., Martínez‐Ramos, M., Mazzei, L., Meave, J.A., & Muñoz, R. (2017). Biodiversity and climate determine the functioning of Neotropical forests. Global ecology and biogeography, 26(12), 1423-1434. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12668
Quinn Thomas, R., Canham, C.D., Weathers, K.C., & Goodale, C.L. (2010). Increased tree carbon storage in response to nitrogen deposition in the US. Nature Geoscience, 3(1), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo721
Rennenberg, H., & Dannenmann, M. (2015). Nitrogen nutrition of trees in temperate forests—the significance of nitrogen availability in the pedosphere and atmosphere. Forests, 6(8), 2820-2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/f6082820
Ribolzi, O., Patin, J., Bresson, L.M., Latsachack, K.O., Mouche, E., Sengtaheuanghoung, O., Silvera, N., Thiébaux, J.P., & Valentin, C. (2011). Impact of slope gradient on soil surface features and infiltration on steep slopes in northern Laos. Geomorphology, 127(1-2), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.004
Roberts, D.R., Bahn, V., Ciuti, S., Boyce, M.S., Elith, J., Guillera‐Arroita, G., Hauenstein, S., Lahoz‐Monfort, J.J., Schröder, B., Thuiller, W., & Warton, D.I. (2017). Cross‐validation strategies for data with temporal, spatial, hierarchical, or phylogenetic structure. Ecography, 40(8), 913-929. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02881
Rodrigues, G.C., & Braga, R.P. (2021). Evaluation of NASA POWER reanalysis products to estimate daily weather variables in a hot summer mediterranean climate. Agronomy, 11(6), 1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061207
Rodríguez-Soalleiro, R., Eimil-Fraga, C., Gómez-García, E., García-Villabrille, J.D., Rojo- Alboreca, A., Muñoz, F., Oliveira, N., Sixto, H., & Pérez-Cruzado, C. (2018) Exploring the factors affecting carbon and nutrient concentrations in tree biomass components in natural forests, forest plantations and short rotation forestry. Forest Ecosystem, 5, 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-018-0154-y
Saeidi, M., Hojjati, S., & Fallah, A. (2023). Variations of soil carbon storage according to age in reforested stands of Acer velutinum Boiss.(case study: Neka-Zhalmroud forests). Iranian Journal of Forest, 15(3), 293-311. (In Persian) https://doi.org/10.22034/ijf.2023.357277.1885
Sagheb Talebi, K.S., Sajedi, T., & Pourhashemi, M. (2014). Forests of Iran. A treasure from the past, a hope for the future, Springer Netherlands.
Salinas-Melgoza, M.A., Skutsch, M., & Lovett, J.C. (2018). Predicting aboveground forest biomass with topographic variables in human-impacted tropical dry forest landscapes. Ecosphere, 9(1), e02063. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2063
Sayago, S., Ovando, G., Almorox, J., & Bocco, M. (2020). Daily solar radiation from NASA-POWER product: assessing its accuracy considering atmospheric transparency. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 41(3), 897-910. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2019.1650986
Sharifi, A., Amini, J., & Pourshakouri, F. (2013). Allometric model development for Above-Ground Biomass estimation in Hyrcanian forests of Iran. World Applied Sciences Journal, 28(9), 1322-1330. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.28.09.1575
Sheikh, M.A., Kumar, M., & Bussmann, R.W. (2009). Altitudinal variation in soil organic carbon stock in coniferous subtropical and broadleaf temperate forests in Garhwal Himalaya. Carbon balance and management, 4, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-0680-4-6
Sheshnitsan, S., Odnoralov, G., Tikhonova, E., Gorbunova, N., Sheshnitsan, T., Murariu, O.C., & Caruso, G. (2024). Influence of Soil Texture on Carbon Stocks in Deciduous and Coniferous Forest Biomass in the Forest-Steppe Zone of Oka–Don Plain. Soil Systems, 8(4), 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems8040118
Sparks, A.H. (2018). nasapower: a NASA POWER global meteorology, surface solar energy and climatology data client for R. Journal of Open Source Software, 3(30), 1035. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01035
Srivastava, A.K., Gaiser, T., Paeth, H., & Ewert, F. (2012). The impact of climate change on Yam (Dioscorea alata) yield in the savanna zone of West Africa. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 153, 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.03.004
Tafazoli, M., Hojjati, S.M., Jalilvand, H., Lamersdorf, N., & Tafazoli, M. (2021). Effect of nitrogen addition on soil CO2 efflux and fine root biomass in maple monocultures of the Hyrcanian region. Annals of Forest Science, 78, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-021-01050-7
Tziachris, P., Nikou, M., Aschonitis, V., Kallioras, A., Sachsamanoglou, K., Fidelibus, M.D., & Tziritis, E. (2023). Spatial or random cross-validation? The effect of resampling methods in predicting groundwater salinity with machine learning in Mediterranean Region. Water, 15(12), 2278. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15122278
Valavi, R., Elith, J., Lahoz-Monfort, J.J., & Guillera-Arroita, G. (2019). blockCV: An r package for generating spatially or environmentally separated folds for k-fold cross-validation of species distribution models. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 10(2), 225-232. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13107
Valizadeh, E., Asadi, H., Jaafari, A., & Tafazoli, M. )2023(. Machine learning prediction of tree species diversity using forest structure and environmental factors: a case study from the Hyrcanian forest, Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195(11), 1334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11969-1
Vicca, S., Luyssaert, S., Peñuelas, J., Campioli, M., Chapin Iii, F.S., Ciais, P., Heinemeyer, A., Högberg, P., Kutsch, W.L., Law, B.E., & Malhi, Y. (2012). Fertile forests produce biomass more efficiently. Ecology letters, 15(6), 520-526. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01775.x
Wang, G., Guan, D., Xiao, L., & Peart, M.R. (2019). Forest biomass-carbon variation affected by the climatic and topographic factors in Pearl River Delta, South China. Journal of environmental management, 232, 781-788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.130
Wang, L., Li, Z., Wang, D., Liao, S., Nie, X., & Liu, Y. (2022). Factors controlling soil organic carbon with depth at the basin scale. Catena, 217, 106478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106478
Wang, R., Wan, S., Chen, W., Qin, X., Zhang, G., & Wang, L. (2024). A novel finer soil strength mapping framework based on machine learning and remote sensing images. Computers & Geosciences, 182, 105479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2023.105479
Weil, R.R., & Brady, N.C. (2016). The nature and properties of soils. Pearson, Ohio.
Xu, Y., Franklin, S.B., Wang, Q., Shi, Z., Luo, Y., Lu, Z., Zhang, J., Qiao, X., & Jiang, M. (2015). Topographic and biotic factors determine forest biomass spatial distribution in a subtropical mountain moist forest. Forest ecology and management, 357, 95-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.08.010
Zobayed, S.M.A., Afreen, F., & Kozai, T. (2005). Temperature stress can alter the photosynthetic efficiency and secondary metabolite concentrations in St. John's wort. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 43(10-11), 977-984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.05.002