مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

مهم‌ترین عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر ذخیرۀ کربن روی زمینی در جنگل‌های هیرکانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری
2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری پژوهشگر میهمان، گروه جنگلشناسی و بوم‌شناسی جنگل‌های مناطق معتدله، دانشگاه گوتینگن، گوتینگن، آلمان
3 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری
10.22034/ijf.2025.471597.2000
چکیده
مقدمه: جنگل‌ها از بوم‌سازگان‌های حیاتی کرۀ زمین هستند و کارکرد مهمی در جذب و ذخیرۀ کربن دارند و از این نظر به تعدیل تغییرات اقلیمی و حفظ تعادل زیست‌محیطی کمک می‌کنند. بنابراین شناخت تغییرات ذخیرۀ کربن روی زمینی در ارتباط با عوامل محیطی و رویشگاهی در بوم‌سازگان‌های جنگلی به‌دلیل ارائۀ پیش‌بینی مناسب از واکنش تغییرات کربن در سطح منطقه‌ای و جهانی حائز اهمیت است. همچنین آگاهی از تغییرات ذخیرۀ کربن روی زمینی، در تدوین برنامه‌های حفاظت، احیا و توسعة منابع جنگلی کاربرد دارد. با این‌حال، پژوهش‌ها در خصوص عوامل مؤثر بر ذخیرۀ کربن روی زمینی در جنگل‌های هیرکانی محدود و پراکنده بوده و در سطوح کوچک انجام گرفته است. بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر، تعیین مهم‌ترین عوامل مؤثر بر ذخیرۀ کربن روی زمینی در کل جنگل‌های هیرکانی است.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش در سراسر جنگل‌های هیرکانی شمال کشور انجام گرفت. به این منظور از بانک داده‌های آماربرداری جنگل‌های شمال کشور استفاده شد (اطلاعات موجود شامل موقعیت جغرافیایی، ارتفاع از سطح دریا، شیب و جهت، قطر و نوع گونه برای هر قطعه نمونه است). داده‌های هواشناسی شامل مقدار بارش و دما از پروژه POWER مربوط به سازمان ملی هوانوردی و فضایی ایالات متحدۀ آمریکا (NASA Power) تهیه شد. داده‌های خاک (چگالی ظاهری، درصد شن، سیلت و رس، اسیدیته، درصد نیتروژن و کربن آلی) نیز برای هر قطعه نمونه از بانک جهانی SoilGrids 2.0 تهیه شد. برای محاسبه ذخیرۀ کربن روی زمینی، ابتدا زی‌تودۀ روی زمینی با استفاده از مدل آلومتریک جنگل‌های شمال کشور و سپس مقدار ذخیرۀ کربن با احتساب ضریب 47/0 درصد مقدار زی‌توده محاسبه شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از مدل خطی تعمیم‌یافته و روش ارزیابی متقابل بلوکی در نرم‌افزار R و بسته‌های blockcv و caret انجام گرفت. در ادامه اهمیت نسبی متغیرهای اثرگذار بر ذخیرۀ کربن روی زمین محاسبه شد. برای تهیۀ نقشۀ پهنه‌بندی ذخیرۀ کربن در جنگل‌های شمال کشور از بستۀ raster در نرم‌افزار R استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج مدل خطی تعمیم‌یافته نشان داد که این مدل، ارزیابی متوسط (ضریب تبیین: 09/0 ± 31/0) برای پیش‌بینی مقدار زی‌تودۀ روی زمینی درختان در جنگل‌های هیرکانی داشت. نتایج بررسی ضرایب مدل نشان داد که متغیرهای درصد شیب، دمای هوا، درصد سیلت و نیتروژن خاک رابطۀ مثبت و معنی‌داری با ذخیرۀ کربن روی زمینی و متغیرهای مقدار بارش، چگالی ظاهری و درصد شن رابطۀ منفی و معنی‌داری با ذخیرۀ کربن روی زمینی داشتند. نتایج بررسی اهمیت نسبی متغیرها نشان داد که چگالی ظاهری، درصد نیتروژن و سیلت خاک، مهم‌ترین متغیرها در پیش‌بینی ذخیرۀ کربن روی زمینی در جنگل‌های هیرکانی با استفاده از مدل خطی تعمیم‌یافته هستند. براساس نقشۀ پهنه‌بندی، مقدار ذخیرۀ کربن روی زمینی در قسمت‌های مرکزی (غرب استان مازندران) بیشتر از بقیۀ نقاط بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: بررسی تغییرات مکانی در زی‌توده و ذخیرۀ کربن می‌تواند به اولویت‌بندی اقدامات حفاظتی کمک کند. مناطق مرکزی با زی‌توده و ذخیرۀ کربن بیشتر باید برای حفظ قابلیت‌های ذخیرۀ کربن محافظت شوند. در مناطقی با زی‌توده و ذخیرۀ کربن کم، شیوه‌های مدیریت پایدار جنگل، مانند جنگلکاری و مدیریت خاک، می‌تواند به بهبود ساختار خاک و در دسترس بودن مواد مغذی کمک کند و در نتیجه پتانسیل جذب کربن را افزایش دهد. به‌طور کلی حفاظت و مدیریت جنگل‌های هیرکانی می‌تواند در اقدامات مدیریتی برای ذخیرۀ کربن در سطوح منطقه‌ای و ملی بسیار کمک‌کننده باشد. با توجه به اهمیت موضوع، پیشنهاد می‌شود در پژوهش‌های آینده نقش عوامل انسانی و محیطی مؤثر بر تغییرات زی‌تودۀ روی زمینی به‌صورت جامع‌تر در نظر گرفته شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

The most important environmental factors affecting above-ground carbon storage in Hyrcanian forests

نویسندگان English

A Faghi Abdollahi 1
S. M. Hojjati 2
H Asadi 3
M Tafazoli 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, I. R. Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Forest Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, I. R. Iran Visiting scientist, Dept. of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
3 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Forest Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, I. R. Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: As one of the vital ecosystems of the planet, forests play a key role in sequestering and storing carbon, and the process of storing carbon helps to moderate climate changes and maintain environmental balance. Therefore, knowledge of the changes in above ground carbon storage in relation to environmental and ecological factors is important because of providing a suitable prediction of the carbon balance at the regional and global levels, in relation to the changes in the future climate characteristics, and knowledge of them is important and can be used in order to prepare programs for the protection, restoration and development of forest resources. However, the studies about the factors affecting carbon storage in these forests are limited, and carried out on small areas. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the most important factors affecting the above ground storage carbon in the entire area of Hyrcanian forests.
Material and Methods: This research was carried out in the entire area of Hyrcanian forests in the north of the country. For this purpose, the database of forest inventory in the north of the country was used (available data include: coordinate, height above sea level, slope and aspect, diameter at breast height, and type of species and total height of trees for each sample plot). Meteorological data, including precipitation and temperature, were obtained from the POWER project of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States of America (NASA Power). Soil data (bulk density, percentage of sand, silt and clay, pH, percentage of nitrogen and organic carbon) were also prepared for each sample plot from SoilGrids 2.0. In order to calculate carbon storage, biomass was first calculated using allometric models of forests in the north of the country, and finally the amount of carbon storage was calculated by taking into account the coefficient of 0.47% of biomass value. Finally, the data analysis was done using the generalized linear model and block cross validation method in R software using blockcv and caret packages. Then, the relative importance of the variables affecting on the carbon storage was calculated. Finally, in order to prepare an interpolation map of carbon storage in the forests of the north of the country, the raster package in R software was used.
Results: The results of the running of the generalized linear model showed that this model had a suitable evaluation (R2: 0.31 ± 0.09) for predicting the above-ground biomass of trees in Hyrcanian forests. The results of the model coefficients showed that slope, air temperature, silt percentage and soil nitrogen had a positive and significant relationship with above-ground biomass of trees in Hyrcanian forests. While precipitation, bulk density and percentage of sand had a negative and significant relationship with above-ground biomass of trees. The results of the relative importance of the variables showed that bulk density, nitrogen percentage, and silt were the most important variables in predicting above-ground biomass of trees in Hyrcanian forests using a generalized linear model. Also, according to the interpolation map, the above-ground biomass of trees was higher in the central parts (west of Mazandaran province) than in other parts of the Hyrcanian forests.
Conclusion: Studying the spatial changes in above-ground tree biomass and carbon storage can help to prioritize conservation measures. Central areas with higher biomass and carbon storage should be protected to maintain carbon storage capabilities. In low biomass areas, sustainable forest management practices, such as afforestation and soil management, can help improve soil structure and nutrient availability, thereby increasing carbon sequestration and storage potential. In general, the protection and management of Hyrcanian forests can be a significant help for management of carbon storage at the regional and national levels. Given the importance of the topic, it is recommended that future studies do a more thorough analysis of the anthropogenic and environmental factors affecting above-ground biomass dynamics.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Carbon sequestration
Generalized linear model
Soil properties
Topographic factors
Tree biomass
 
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