Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
PhD Student, Department of Forestry, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, I. R. Iran.
2
Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, I. R. Iran.
3
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, I. R. Iran.
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Salman Farsi University of Kazerun, Kazerun, I. R. Iran.
10.22034/ijf.2023.408967.1939
Abstract
Introduction: Forest roads are one of the most essential infrastructures for access and management activities of forest units. Sustainable road management requires correct spatial information from the road network. There are various methods in terms of accuracy, accuracy, efficiency and cost for providing the location of roads. It is necessary to investigate existing methods of positioning efficiency due to the location of forest roads in remote areas, lack of reference stations, the possibility of inaccessibility to online network and the conditions affecting the error in positioning.
Materials and methods: in present research, therefore, accuracy of PPK, RTK, online platforms such as Shamim, GPS and mobile app in positioning 34 points on 5 km of forest roads of watershed No. 30 in the Hyrcanian forest were studied. The coordinates were first extended to the study area using the rapid static method. After post-processing and determining reference points, the exact coordinates of all ground control points on the road were obtained through direct method. Then coordinates of all points were measured using various methods in three times.
Results: Statistical results of the health survey showed that the highest differences mean was 2.53 m and 2.38 m for GPS and mobile app, accordingly. The least difference mean was 0.048 m, 0.049 and 0.092 m for PPK and RTK and Shamim, accordingly. Amount of RMSE showed that GPS and mobile app results had the least accuracy and the methods PPK, RTK and Shamim had the highest. Based in one sample T test and Wilcoxon’s analysis amount of differences were not the same inside each method through 34 investigated points. Accuracy analysis indicated that GPS with distance mean of 1.14 m had the least precision and Shamim and RTK with 0.0621 and 0.063 m were the most precise methods. Analysis of variance showed that mobile app, Shamim and PPK had the highest conversions.
Conclusion: Result of the present research, indicated that the PPK method was the most accurate one and the Shamim method is the most precise one. Therefore, these methods can be used for purposes such as optimization of forest road plan and longitudinal profile in that require accurate location information.
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