مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

اثر مسائل اقتصادی و اجتماعی بر روند تغییرات پوشش گیاهی در منطقۀ حفاظت‌شدۀ دنا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموختۀ کارشناسی ارشد، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و کویر شناسی، دانشگاه یزد، ایران.
2 دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و کویرشناسی، دانشگاه یزد، ایران.
3 دانشیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم‌الانبیا بهبهان، ایران.
4 دانش‌آموختۀ دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، ایران.
چکیده
مقدمه: اکوسیستم‌های جنگلی به‌خصوص در مناطق حفاظت‌شده از اهمیت محیط ‌زیستی زیادی برخوردارند. از طرفی پوشش گیاهی منطقۀ حفاظت‌شدۀ دنا با مشکلات اقتصادی و اجتماعی زیادی از طرف جوامع محلی ساکن آن روبه‌رو است که همواره از کمیت و کیفت آن کاسته می‌شود. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی ارتباط تغییرات پوشش گیاهی در طول زمان با مسائل اقتصادی و اجتماعی روستاهای منطقۀ حفاظت‌شدۀ دنا انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: ابتدا 384 پرسشنامه در نه روستا توسط روستاییان تکمیل شد. برای به‌دست آوردن حجم نمونه از فرمول کوکران استفاده شد و به‌منظور بررسی روایی پرسشنامه از نظر استادان و متخصصان بهره گرفته شد. برای تعیین پایایی پرسشنامه از روش آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها ابتدا با استفاده از روش تحلیلی ‌K-means روستاها از نظر وضعیت اقتصادی و اجتماعی خوشه‌بندی شدند. سپس با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست، تغییرات سطح جنگل‌ها برآورد شد و با آزمون آماری اسپیرمن ارتباط تغییرات پوشش گیاهی روستاها در خوشه‌های مختلف بررسی شد. ‌
یافته‌ها: طبق نتایج حاصل از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای، میانگین تغییرات مساحت جنگل‌ها که در سال 2001، 38/618 هکتار بود در سال 2021 روند کاهشی پیدا کرد و به 32/578 هکتار رسید و برعکس میانگین مساحت زمین‌های کشاورزی که در سال 2001، 10/247 هکتار بود، در سال 2021 به مقدار 96/277 هکتار رسید. طبق نتایج آزمون اسپیرمن، تغییرات پوشش‌های جنگلی با مسائل اقتصادی روستاهای تحت بررسی ارتباط معناداری دارد (05/0P<)؛ از طرف دیگر مسائل اجتماعی روستاها بر تغییرات پوشش‌های گیاهی اثر معنادار ندارد.
نتیجه‌گیری: طبق نتایج آزمون اسپیرمن بین مسائل اقتصادی روستاییان و تغییرات پوشش گیاهی ارتباط قوی و معناداری وجود دارد، به‌طوری ‌که مسائل اقتصادی روستاهای خوشه‌بندی‌شده همانند درآمد از کشاورزی و باغداری، درآمد از دامداری و محصولات جنگلی یا تبدیل کاربری جنگل‌ها و مراتع یا هزینه‌ها در بخش‌های مختلف سبب تخریب‌ گسترده‌ در جنگل‌ها و مراتع در محدوده این روستاها شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

The effect of socioeconomic factors on vegetation cover changes in Dena protected area

نویسندگان English

P. Arameshenia 1
Gh. Moradi 2
M. Moradi 3
Mostafa Moradi Dashtpagerdi 4
1 MSc Graduated, Dept .of Environment Sciences, School of Natural Resources & Desert Studies, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
2 Associate Prof., Dept. of Environment Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Desertology, Yazd University, Iran.
3 Associate Prof. Dept. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Iran.
4 Ph.D. Graduated, Dept. of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Forest ecosystems, especialy in protected areas, have high environmental importance. On the other hand, the vegetation of Dena protected area is facing many socioeconomic problems from the local communities, which is always caused decreasing in quantity and quality. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the relationship between vegetation changes over time and the economic and social factors of the villages in Dena protected area.
Materials and methods: To carry out this research, 384 questionnaires were completed by the villagers in nine villages. To obtain the sample size, Cochran's formula was used, and the opinions of professors and experts were used to check the validity of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha method was also used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, the villages were clustered economicaly and socialy based on the K-means algorithm. Afterward, the changes in forest surface were estimated using Landsat satellite images, and then the relationship between vegetation cover changes in the villages of different clusters was investigated using Spearman's test.
Results: According to the results of satellite images, the average change in the area of forests, which was 618.38 hectares in 2001, has decreased to 578.32 hectares in 2021, and on the other hand, the average area of agricultural land, which  was 247.10 hectares in 2001, increased to 277.96 hectares in 2021. According to the results of Spearman's test, the changes in forest cover have a significant relationship with the economic issues of the studied villages (P<0.05), on the other hand, the social issues of the villages do not have a significant effect on the changes in vegetation cover.
Conclusion: According to the results of the Spearman test, there is a strong and significant relationship between the economic problems of the villagers and changes in vegetation. Economic factors in the clustered villages, such as income from agriculture and horticulture, income from livestock farming and forest products, land-use conversion of forests and rangelands, and various sectoral expenses, have led to extensive degradation of forests and rangelands in the vicinity of these villages. 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Destruction of natural resources
Economic situation
Social issues
Vegetation changes
Zagros forests
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  • تاریخ دریافت 10 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 30 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 25 شهریور 1403