Abdulqader, H.N., & Obeyed, M.H. (2023). Evaluations of Different Models for Predicting Merchantable Volume of Pinus brutia Ten. in Duhok Governorate. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.997
Assessment, G.F.R. (2010). Main report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Avery, T.E., & Burkhart, H.E. (2015). Forest Measurements: Fifth Edition. Waveland Press AAQBAJ https://books.google.iq/books?id=IWx1CQAAQBAJ
Avsar, M.D. (2004). The relationships between diameter at breast height, tree height and crown diameter in Calabrian pines (Pinus brutia Ten.) of Baskonus Mountain, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(4), 437–440. DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2004.437.440
Bahtiar, E.T., & Iswanto, A.H. (2023). Annual tree-ring curve-fitting for graphing the growth curve and determining the increment and cutting cycle period of sungkai (Peronema canescens). Forests, 14(8), 1643. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14081643
Bailey, G.R. (1964). Effect of competition on the growth and crown form of lodgepole pine (Doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia). http://hdl.handle.net/2429/38004
Barwari, V.I.H. (2013). Soil Physic-Chemical Properties as Influenced by Slope Position Under Different Vegetation Covers in Duhok Governorate (M. Sc. Thesis Submitted to the Council of the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Duhok).
Bjarnadóttir, B., Inghammar, A.C., Brinker, M. M., & Sigurdsson, B.D. (2007). Single tree biomass and volume functions for young Siberian larch trees (Larix sibirica) in eastern Iceland. Icelandic Agricultural Sciences, 20, 125–135.
Chapman, G. (1948). Forestry in Iraq. Unasylva, 2(5), 251.
Chapman, G.W. (1950). Notes on forestry in Iraq. Empire Forestry Review, 132-135.
Chatterjee, S., & Hadi, A.S. (2015). Regression analysis by example. John Wiley & Sons. DOI:10.1002/0470055464
Condés, S., & Sterba, H. (2005). Derivation of compatible crown width equations for some important tree species of Spain. Forest ecology and management, 217(2-3), 203-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.06.002
Draper, N.R., & Smith, H. (1998). Applied regression analysis. John Wiley & Sons. DOI:10.1002/9781118625590
Dykstra, D.P. (2010). Forest Growth and Timber Quality: Crown Models and Simulation Methods for Sustainable Forest Management: Proceedings of an International Conference. DIANE Publishing Company. https://books.google.iq/books?id=FB3YaZKPoi4C
Ekasari, I., & Kurnia, R. (2023). Relationship Between Tree Height-Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and Crown Diameter-DBH of Fruit Trees in Bogor Botanical Gardens. In BIO Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, 80, 03015. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20238003015
Forrester, D.I., Hobi, M.L., Mathys, A.S., Stadelmann, G., & Trotsiuk, V. (2021). Calibration of the process-based model 3-PG for major central European tree species. European Journal of Forest Research, 140(4), 847-868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-021-01370-3
Froese, R.E., & Robinson, A.P. (2007). A validation and evaluation of the Prognosis individual-tree basal area increment model. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 37(8), 1438-1449. https://doi.org/10.1139/X07-002
Furnival, G.M. (1961). An index for comparing equations used in constructing volume tables. Forest Science, 7(4), 337–41. cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19610604050
Hanberry, B.B., Yang, J., Kabrick, J.M., & He, H.S. (2012). Adjusting Forest Density Estimates for Surveyor Bias in Historical Tree Surveys. The American Midland Naturalist, 167(2), 285–306. https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-167.2.285
Hasan, S.S., Haji, G.Y., & Hassan, M.K. (2022). stand volume equation for pinus brutia ten. natural growing in zawita area, kurdistan region of iraq. Journal of Duhok University, 25(1), 114-121. https://doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2022.25.1.12
Hasenauer, H. (1997). Dimensional relationships of open-grown trees in Austria. Forest ecology and management, 96(3), 197-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00057-1
Hein, S., & Spiecker, H. (2008). Crown and tree allometry of open-grown ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). Agroforestry systems, 73(3), 205-218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-008-9145-2
Hinkle, D.E., Wiersma, W., & Jurs, S.G. (2003). Applied statistics for the behavioral sciences (Vol. 663). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Applied Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
Husch, B., Beers, T., & Kershaw Jr, J. (2003). Forest Mensuration; John willey & Sons. Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 443. ISBN: 0471018503, 9780471018506
Ibrahim, E., Osman, E., & Idris, E. (2014). Modelling the Relationship between Crown width and Diameter at Breast Height for Naturally grown Terminalia tree species. Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, 6456, 42-49.
Jucker, T., Bouriaud, O., & Coomes, D.A. (2015). Crown plasticity enables trees to optimize canopy packing in mixed‐species forests. Functional Ecology, 29(8), 1078-1086. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12428
Koirala, K., Mandal, R.A., & Khadka, A. (2021). Modeling Tree Height, Crown Diameter, Volume and Carbon in Response to Diameter at Breast Height of Schima wallichii and Catanopsis indica: A Study from Midhills, Nepal. International Journal of Water Resources and Arid Environments, 10(2), 56–63. OI: 10.23880/oajwx-16000176 https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000176
Kutner, M.H., Nachtsheim, C.J., Neter, J., & Li, W. (2005). Applied linear statistical models. McGraw-hill. ISBN 0-07-238688-6
Lockhart, B.R., Weih Jr, R.C., & Smith, K.M. (2005). Crown radius and diameter at breast height relationships for six bottomland hardwood species. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, 59(1), 110-115.https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol59/iss1/16
Ma, A., Miao, Z., Xie, L., Dong, L., & Li, F. (2022). Crown width prediction for Larix olgensis plantations in Northeast China based on nonlinear mixed-effects model and quantile regression. Trees, 36(6), 1761-1776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-022-02326-9
Melesse, S.F., & Zewotir, T. (2015). Fitting three parameter growth curves using a nonlinear mixed effects modelling approach. South African Statistical Journal, 49(2), 223-240. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC178079
Minckler, L.S., & Gingrich, S.F. (1970). Relation of crown width to tree diameter in some upland hardwood stands of southern Illinois. Research Note NC-99. St. Paul, MN: US Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 99.
Montgomery, D.C., Peck, E.A., & Vining, G.G. (2021). Introduction to linear regression analysis. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 1119578752, 9781119578758
Mosa, W.L. (2016). Forest cover change and migration in Iraqi Kurdistan: a case study from Zawita Sub-district. Michigan State University. https://doi.org/doi:10.25335/8nae-7e42
Muhamed, H. (2019). Spatial distribution and association patterns of Pinus brutia Ten. regeneration. Austrian Journal of Forest Science/Centralblatt für das gesamte Forstwesen, 136(2).
Nasser, M.H. (1984). Forests and forestry in Iraq: prospects and limitations. The Commonwealth Forestry Review, 299–304. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42606437
Neter, J., Kutner, M.H., Nachtsheim, C.J., & Wasserman, W. (1996). Applied linear statistical models.
Newbold, P., Carlson, W.L., & Thorne, B.M. (2013). Statistics for business and economics. Pearson. ISBN 13: 978-0-273-76706-0
Nix, S. (2019). Maps of the world's surface. retrieved from World Forest Cover Maps and Natural Tree Ranges
Nyirambangutse, B. (2016). Carbon and nutrient cycling in Afromontane tropical forests at different successional stages. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/47963
Obeyed, M.H. (2015). Effect of Spacing on Degree of Taper and Preparing Taper Table for Even Aged Stand of Populus nigra L. Journal of University of Duhok, 18 (1).
Ohtomom, E. (1956). A Study on Preparation of volume Table. (I). Journal Of the Japanese Forestry Society, 38(5), 165–177. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11519/jjfs1953.38.5_165
Özçelik, R., & Altınkaya, H. (2019). Comparison of tree volume equations for brutian pine stands in Eğirdir district. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 20(3), 149-156. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.566019
Özçelik, R., & Kalkanlı, Ș. (2018). Development of tree volume equations for natural brutian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) stands in Kaș District. http://acikerisim.isparta.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/123456789/3820
Peel, M.C., Finlayson, B.L., & McMahon, T.A. (2007). Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 4(2), 439–473. https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-4-439-2007
Peper, P.J., McPherson, E.G., & Mori, S.M. (2001). Equations for predicting diameter, height, crown width, and leaf area of San Joaquin Valley street trees. Journal of Arboriculture, 27, 306-317, 27, 306-317. DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2001.034
Picard, N., Saint-André, L., & Henry, M. (2012). Manual for Building Tree Volume and Biomass Allometric Equations: From Filed Measurement to Prediction. CIRAD et FAO. http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3058e/i3058e.pdf
Poorter, L., Lianes, E., Moreno-de Las Heras, M., & Zavala, M.A. (2012). Architecture of Iberian canopy tree species in relation to wood density, shade tolerance and climate. Plant ecology, 213(5), 707-722. DOI: 10.1007/s11258-012-0032-6
Raptis, D., Kazana, V., Kazaklis, A., & Stamatiou, C. (2018). A crown width-diameter model for natural even-aged black pine forest management. Forests, 9(10), 610. DOI: 10.3390/f9100610
Saeed, H., (2023). The use of complete stem analysis in biometrical studies of Calabrian Pine trees growth in Duhok Governorate region of Iraq. Master’s thesis, University of Duhok.
Sağlam, F., & Sakici, O.E. (2024). Ecoregional height–diameter models for Scots pine in Turkiye. Journal of Forestry Research, 35(1), 103. DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01757-z
Salih, T. (2020). Growth functions modeling of Quercus aegilops L. and dendroclimatological Analysis of Pinus brutia Ten. In Duhok Governorate (submitted to the Council of the college of agricultural Sciences, Duhok university) PhD dissertation. University of Duhok.
Salih, T.K., & Abdulaziz, H.M.S. (2023). Quantification of the Relationship Between the Height – Diameter of (Pinus brutia Ten.), Calabrian Pine Trees in Four Different Microsites in Duhok Governorate. Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 11(1), 84–90. https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1015
Salih, T.K., Said, M.Y., & Wali, S.T. (2019). Determination of competition factor for tree growth within a stand. Journal of Duhok University, 22(2), 177-188. DOI: 10.26682/ajuod.2019.22.2.17
Salih, T.K., Saleem, G.Y., & Younis, A.J. (2023). Comparison Between Linear and Non-Linear Regression Models in the Prediction of the Height of Gall Oak Trees (Quercus infectoria Olive.) in Duhok Governorate. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1213(1), 012118. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1213/1/012118
Salih, T.K., Younis, M.S., & Wali, S.T. (2021). Allometric regression equations between diameter growth and age of valonia oak trees grown in Duhok province, Iraq. International Hasankeyf Scientific Research and Innovation Congress, 557–576
Seo, Y., Lee, D., & Choi, J. (2023). Developing and comparing individual tree growth models of major coniferous species in south korea based on stem analysis data. Forests, 14(1), 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14010115
Shahbaz, S.I. (2010). Trees and Shrubs, a field guide to the trees and shrubs of Kurdistan Region of Iraq. UOD Press.
Sharma, R.P., Bílek, L., Vacek, Z., & Vacek, S. (2017). Modelling crown width–diameter relationship for Scots pine in the central Europe. Trees, 31, 1875-1889. DOI:10.1007/s00468-017-1593-8
Studenmund, A.H., & Johnson, K.B. (2006). Using Econometrics: A practical guide 5th edition. Bosten: Pearson/Addison Wesley. ISBN 13: 978-1-292-02127-0
Sun, N.Z., & Sun, A. (2015). Model calibration and parameter estimation: for environmental and water resource systems. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2323-6
Todoroki, C.L., & Lowell, E.C. (2016). Validation of models predicting modulus of elasticity in Douglas-fir trees, boles, and logs. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 46(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40490-016-0067-x
Tong, Y. W., Chen, D.S., Feng, J., & Gao, H.L. (2022). Crown width model for planted Korean pine in eastern Liaoning mountains based on mixed effect linear quantile. Ying Yong Sheng tai xue bao= The Journal of Applied Ecology, 33(9), 2321-2330. DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202209.002
Tukey, J.W. (1977). Exploratory data analysis. Reading/Addison-Wesley. ISBN: 0201076160
Van Laar, A., & Akça, A. (2007). Forest Mensuration, Springer Netherlands. https://books.google.iq/books?id=ybjdxL2lHOQC
Vezina, P.E. (1962). Crown width-DBH relationships for open-grown balsam fir and white spruce in Quebec. The Forestry Chronicle, 38(4), 463-473. DOI: 10.5558/tfc38463-4
Willmott, C.J. (2005). Advantages of the mean absolute error (MAE) over the root mean square error (RMSE) in assessing average model performance. Climate Research, 30(1), 79–82. https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/cr/v30/n1/p79-82
Younis, A.J., & Hassan, M.K. (2019). Assessing volume of Quercus aegilops L. trees in Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Journal of Duhok University, 22(1), 265–276. http://dx.doi.org/10.26682/avuod.2019.22.1.25
Youssef, S., Galalaey, A., Mahmood, A., Mahdi, H., & Véla, E. (2019). Wild orchids of the Kurdistan Region areas: A scientific window on the unexpected nature of the north-western Zagros. Société Méditerranéenne d’Orchidologie, 84p.
Zeng, W., & Zou, W. (2024). Modeling Tree Crown-Tree Size Relationships for Eight Pine Species in China. Available at SSRN, 4952535. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4952535