مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

پایش تخریب جنگل‌های زاگرس شمالی با استفاده از الگوریتم BFAST (مطالعۀ موردی: بخشی از جنگل‌های سروآباد)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترای جنگلداری، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه سرا، ایران
2 استاد، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه سرا، ایران
3 کارشناس سنجش از دور، دفتر جنگلداری و امور بهره برداری، سازمان منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری کشور، تهران، ایران
10.22034/ijf.2026.545596.2068
چکیده
مقدمه: جنگل‌های زاگرس از مهم‌ترین بوم‌سازگان‌های جنگلی کشور از نظر اکولوژیک و اقتصادی هستند که متأسفانه همواره تحت تأثیر عوامل مخرب و تغییرات کاربری اراضی قرار داشته است. یکی از راهکارهای مناسب برای تعیین مقدار و روند این تغییرات استفاده از سری زمانی داده‌های ماهواره‌ای و مدل BFSAST است، چراکه این مدل می‌تواند روند تغییرات بلندمدت، فصلی و ناگهانی را همزمان تفکیک کند. قابلیت این الگوریتم در بررسی بوم‌سازگان‌های کشور به‌ویژه جنگل‌های زاگرس به‌ندرت استفاده و گزارش شده است. از این‌رو هدف این پژوهش، استفاده از الگوریتم BFAST برای پایش و ارزیابی تغییرات در بخشی از جنگل‌های بلوط زاگرس در شهرستان سروآباد است.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش پویایی پوشش جنگلی در بخشی از جنگل‌های شهرستان سروآباد در استان کردستان به‌عنوان نمونه‌ای از جنگل‌های زاگرس، از سال 1380 تا 1399 (20 سال) تجزیه‌وتحلیل شد. با استفاده از تحلیل سری‌های زمانی شاخص تفاضل نرمال‌شدۀ پوشش گیاهی (NDVI) تصاویر لندست 5، 7 و 8 و الگوریتم BFASTSpatial، تغییرات پوشش جنگلی منطقه بررسی شد. ابتدا با استفاده از طبقه‌بندی‌کنندۀ بیشترین احتمال، روی تصویر شهریور 1380، طبقۀ جنگل از دیگر کاربری‌های منطقه جدا شد. بعد از جداسازی طبقۀ جنگل، شاخص NDVI این طبقه، از همۀ تصاویر سری زمانی 20 ساله استخراج شد. در نهایت یک سری زمانی فشرده، از همۀ تصاویر NDVI طبقۀ جنگل تشکیل و برای تحلیل‌های بعدی استفاده شد و دورۀ مرجع و حد آستانه تعیین شد. در مجموع 174 تصویر از تصاویر ماهواره‌های سری لندست پردازش شد. برای ارزیابی صحت مدل BFASTSpatial در تشخیص تغییر کاربری جنگل نیز 409 نقطه به‌طور تصادفی انتخاب شد.
یافته‌ها: در این تحقیق، با آزمون و خطا، پنج سال ابتدایی دورۀ تحقیق، دورۀ مرجع در نظر گرفته شد. نمودار الگوریتم BFASTSpatial نشان‌دهندۀ یک نقطه شکست و افت ناگهانی در سال 1393 است. همچنین آشکارسازی تغییرات نشان داد که 589 هکتار (6/4 درصد) از جنگل‌های منطقه، طی دورۀ تحقیق از بین رفته است. در نقشۀ اراضی جنگلی تخریب‌شده با حد آستانۀ 025/0-، مدل BFASTSpatial نشان‌دهندۀ تغییر با صحت کاربر 1/87 درصد، صحت تولیدکنندۀ 9/85 درصد و صحت کلی 86 درصد است.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان می‌دهد که مدل BFASTSpatial با استفاده از تحلیل سری‌های زمانی و با تعیین پیکسل‌های تخریب‌شدۀ جنگل‌های بلوط در منطقه با صحت بیش از 85 درصد، توانایی مناسبی در تعیین حدود جغرافیایی اراضی تخریب‌شده دارد و می‌تواند ابزاری در نظارت بر محیط‌های جنگلی در نظر گرفته شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Monitoring the Degradation of Northern Zagros Forests Using the BFAST Algorithm (Case Study: Part of the Sarvabad Forests)

نویسندگان English

Sabri Rasooli 1
Amir Eslam Bonyad 2
Sasan Vafaei 3
1 4. Ph.D. candidate., Dept. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Someh sara, I. R. Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara I.R. Iran
3 Remote Sensing Specialist, Forestry and Utilization Office, Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Iran organization, Tehran, I. R. Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Zagros forests are among the most important forest ecosystems in the country in terms of ecology and economy, which unfortunately have always been affected by destructive factors and land use changes. One of the appropriate solutions to determine the extent and trend of these changes is to use satellite data time series and the BFSAST model, because this model can simultaneously separate the trend of long-term, seasonal, and sudden changes. The capabilities of this algorithm in studying the country's ecosystems, especially the Zagros forests, have rarely been used and reported. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to use the BFAST algorithm to monitor and evaluate changes in a part of the Zagros oak forests in Sarvabad County.
Material and Methods: In this study, the dynamics of vegetation cover in a part of the forests of Sarvabad County in Kurdistan Province, as an example of the Zagros forests, was studied and analyzed from 2001 to 2020 (20 years). Using time series analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of Landsat 5, 7, and 8 images and the BFAST algorithm, changes in the vegetation of the region were examined. First, using the maximum likelihood classification, the forest class was separated from other land uses in the region on the September 2001 image. Then, the historical period and the threshold was determined. After that, the NDVI index of the forest class was separated from other classes of the 20-year time series. Finally, the time series stack of the forest class NDVI index was used for subsequent analyses. A total of 174 Landsat satellite images from different sensors were processed. To evaluate the accuracy of the BFASTSpatial model in detecting disturbance and destruction of forest areas, 409 points were randomly selected.
Results: In this study, through trial and error, the first 5 years of the research period were considered as the historical period. The BFASTSpatial algorithm chart shows a breakpoint and sudden drop in 2014. The change detection also showed that 589 hectares (4.6 percentage) of the region's forest area was lost during the study period. For the degraded forest land map with the threshold of -0.025, the BFASTSpatial model shows the change with the user's accuracy of 87.1 percent, the producer's accuracy of 85.9 percent, and the overall accuracy of 86 percent.
Conclusion: The results show that the BFASTSpatial model, using time series analysis and determining the degraded pixels of oak forests in the study area with an accuracy of over 85 percentage, has a good ability to determine the geographical boundaries of degraded lands and can be considered as a tool in monitoring forest environments.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Landsat
Threshold
Historical period
time series
Zagros
 
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  • تاریخ دریافت 07 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 09 آذر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 15 دی 1404