عوامل مؤثر در وقوع زمین‌خواری در عرصه‌های جنگل و مرتع

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 محقق، بخش تحقیقات آبخیزداری و بهره‌وری از آب و خاک، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 محقق، بخش تحقیقات بیابان، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور ، سازمان تحقیقات، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در زمینۀ کمک به مهار و پیشگیری از زمین‌خواری در عرصه‌های جنگل و مرتع، پروژه‌ای تحقیقاتی با هدف شناخت عوامل ایجادکنندۀ این پدیده اجرا شد. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، شناسایی و معرفی عوامل و زمینه‌های مؤثر در بروز و گسترش زمین‌خواری از جنبه‌های مختلف شامل سیاست و خط‌مشی، اجتماعی- اقتصادی، مدیریتی، اجرایی و عوامل مؤثر خارج از نظام ادارۀ اراضی جنگل و مرتع است. برای تعیین چارچوب بررسی، از اصول و شاخص‌های روش ارزیابی سیستم‌های ادارۀ اراضی، و برای پرسش از کارشناسان، تحلیل و تعیین عوامل زمین‌خواری و نتیجه‌گیری نهایی از روش دلفی استفاده شد. در طی حدود دو سال از 15 کارشناس تحقیق و پرسش صورت پذیرفت. تأثیر هر عامل بر زمین‌خواری براساس مقیاس لیکرت در طی اجرای روش دلفی اندازه‌گیری شد. در طی تحقیق، 39 مورد به‌عنوان عوامل مؤثر در زمین‌خواری مشخص شد. کارشناسان وجود رانت، نبود برنامۀ آمایش سرزمین و کاستی در افزایش سطح آگاهی مردم و ایجاد فرهنگ حفظ جنگل‌ها و مراتع را مهم‌ترین عوامل و زمینه‌های وقوع زمین‌خواری برشمردند. با شناخت عوامل زمین‌خواری در طی این تحقیق، می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری کرد که زمین‌خواری پدیده‌ای منتج از زمینه‌های اجتماعی، اقتصادی، مدیریتی، حقوقی، تاریخی و فرهنگی موجود در جامعه است و ازآنجا که بزرگ‌ترین فساد اقتصادی کشور نیز خوانده شده، باید اقدامات سخت‌افزاری و نرم‌افزاری بیشتری برای پیشگیری از آن صورت گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effective factors in the occurrence of land grabbing in the forests and rangelands

نویسندگان [English]

  • P. Roudgarmi 1
  • S.J. Seyyed Akhlagh 2
1 1Researcher,Watershed Management and Efficiency of Water and Soil Research Dept,. Tehran Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources, AREEO, Tehran, Iran
2 Researcher,Desert Research Dept., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, AREEO, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

To help harness and prevent land grabbing in forest and rangeland, a research project was conducted to identify the causes of this phenomenon. The main purpose is to identify the factors affecting the occurrence and spread of land grabbing from various aspects. The principles and indicators of the evaluation of land administrative systems method have been used to determine the study framework and the Delphi method was used to ask experts, analyze and determine the land grabbing factors and final conclusion. The research and questioning of 15 experts were carried out for about 2 years. The effect of each factor on land grabbing was measured by the Likert scale in Delphi method. During the study, 39 cases were identified as the effective factors in land grabbing. The existence of rent-seeking, lack of land management program, and weakness in increasing the level of public awareness and creating a culture for the preservation of forests and rangelands are recognized by experts as the most important factors of land grabbing. It can be concluded that land grabbing is a phenomenon resulting from social, economical, managerial, legal, historical and cultural contexts in the society and since it is considered as the biggest economical corruption in the country, more hardware and software measures are needed to prevent it.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lands
  • Forest
  • Rangeland
  • Delphi method
  • Land grabbing
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