مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

Allometric Equations for Leaf Carbon Sequestration and Leaf Area Index in Anagyris foetida L.: Implications for Conservation in Zagros Forests

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استاد، گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران.
2 استادیار، گروه آمار و ریاضی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
10.22034/ijf.2026.547702.2072
چکیده
Zagros forests play a significant role in carbon sequestration; however, the contribution of rare species such as Anagyris foetida L. (Ghareh Ghaj)—with unique traits such as thick leaves and summer dormancy—has been less studied. This research developed, for the first time, species-specific allometric models for this endangered tree to provide a non-destructive estimation of leaf carbon storage and LAI1. The study was conducted in the pure habitat of the species within the Sardasir Chaleh basin (Gilan-e-Gharb). Using systematic line sampling, 30 healthy trees were selected, and biometric parameters (height, crown diameter, and crown area) were measured. Leaf samples were collected from three crown sections and analyzed in the laboratory to determine dry biomass (gravimetric method), organic carbon percentage (combustion in a furnace), and leaf area (leaf area meter). LAI and SLA2 were calculated and scaled up to the forest stand level using the "Mean Tree" method and a density of 253 trees per hectare. Allometric relationships were analyzed using linear, logarithmic, and power regression models. Results showed that mean LCS3, CO₂ uptake, and leaf dry biomass per hectare were 468.13 kg of carbon, 1718.03 kg, and 975.27 kg, respectively. The average LAI at the individual-tree and per-hectare levels was 1.6 and 0.302, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed a strong and significant correlation between crown area and both leaf biomass and LCS, with the linear model based on crown area providing the best fit for predicting LCS (R² = 0.719). In contrast, LAI was only significantly correlated with leaf dry biomass. Overall, the results indicate that, despite its prolonged dormancy period, this species contributes considerably to leaf carbon storage in Zagros forests due to its relatively high density and distinct crown architecture. The simple, crown area-based models presented offer a practical and cost-effective tool for carbon monitoring, ecosystem service valuation, and the development of conservation strategies for this endangered species and similar Mediterranean ecosystems, representing a significant step toward sustainable forest management.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

معادلات آلومتریک برای ترسیب کربن برگ و شاخص سطح برگ در گونۀ Anagyris foetida L. کاربردهایی برای حفاظت از جنگل‌های زاگرس

نویسندگان English

Ali Mahdavi 1
Eham Parvaneh 2
Mehdi Omidi 2
1 Prof., Dept. of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ilam University, P.O. Box, 69391-77111, Ilam, I.R. Iran.
2 2Assisstant Prof., Dept. of Statistics and Mathematics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ilam University, P.O. Box, 69391-77111, Ilam, I.R Iran.
چکیده English

جنگل‌های زاگرس نقش مهمی در ترسیب کربن دارند، اما دربارۀ سهم گونه‌های نادری مانند Anagyris foetida L. (قره‌قاج) - با ویژگی‌های منحصربه‌فردی چون برگ‌های ضخیم و خواب تابستانه - کمتر تحقیق شده است. این پژوهش برای نخستین بار مدل‌های آلومتریک برای برآورد ویژۀ این گونۀ درختی در معرض انقراض را توسعه داده است تا برآورد غیرمخربی از ذخیرۀ کربن برگ‌ها و شاخص سطح برگ (LAI) آن ارائه دهد. پژوهش در رویشگاه خالص گونه در حوضۀ سردسیر چاله (گیلانغرب) انجام گرفت. با نمونه‌برداری خطی- سیستماتیک از ۳۰ درخت سالم، پارامترهای بیومتریک (ارتفاع، قطر و مساحت تاج) اندازه‌گیری شد. نمونه‌های برگ از سه بخش تاج جمع‌آوری و در آزمایشگاه، زیست‌تودۀ خشک (گراویمتری)، درصد کربن آلی (احتراق در کوره) و مساحت برگ (برگ‌سنج) تعیین شد. LAI و سطح ویژۀ برگ (SLA) محاسبه و با روش «درخت میانگین» و تراکم ۲۵۳ درخت در هکتار به سطح تودۀ جنگلی تعمیم داده شد. روابط آلومتریک با مدل‌های رگرسیون خطی، لگاریتمی و توانی تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که میانگین ترسیب کربن برگ ‌(LCS)، جذب CO₂ و زیست‌تودۀ خشک برگ در هکتار به‌ترتیب 13/468 کیلوگرم کربن، 03/1718 کیلوگرم و 27/975 کیلوگرم و میانگین LAI در سطح درخت و هکتار 6/1 و 302/0 است. تحلیل‌های آماری رابطۀ قوی و معناداری بین مساحت تاج با زیست‌تودۀ برگ و LCS نشان داد، به‌طوری که مدل خطی مبتنی بر مساحت تاج بهترین برازش را برای پیش‌بینی LCS (719/0= ) داشت. در مقابل،LAI تنها با زیست‌تودۀ خشک برگ رابطۀ معنادار نشان داد. نتیجه‌گیری کلی حاکی از آن است که علی‌رغم دورۀ خواب طولانی، این گونه به‌دلیل تراکم به‌نسبت زیاد و ساختار تاجی ویژه، سهم مهمی در ذخیرۀ کربن برگ‌ها در جنگل‌های زاگرس دارد. مدل‌های ساده و مبتنی بر مساحت تاج ارائه‌شده، ابزاری عملی و کم‌هزینه برای پایش کربن، ارزشگذاری خدمات اکوسیستمی و تدوین راهبردهای حفاظتی برای این گونۀ در معرض انقراض و اکوسیستم‌های مشابه مدیترانه‌ای فراهم می‌کنند و عاملی مهم در مدیریت پایدار این جنگل‌ها محسوب می‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

اکوسیستم مدیترانه‌ای
ترسیب کربن
سازگاری با تغییرات آب‌وهوایی
گونۀ در معرض انقراض
مدل‌های آلومتریک
Adl, H.R. (2007). Estimation of leaf biomass and leaf area index of two major species in Yasuj forests. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 15(4), 417-426. (In Persian)
Akbari, M. (2021). Estimation of leaf biomass and leaf area index of Crataegus aronia in forests of Ilam [Master’s thesis, Ilam University]. (In Persian)
Allen, S.E., Grimshaw, H.M., Parkinson, J.A., & Quarmby, C. (1986). Chemical analysis of ecological materials. Blackwell Scientific.
Chave, J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Búrquez, A., Chidumayo, E., Colgan, M.S., Delitti, W.B.C., Duque, A., Eid, T., Fearnside, P.M., Goodman, R.C., Henry, M., Martínez-Yrizar, A., Mugasha, W.A., Muller-Landau, H. C., Mencuccini, M., Nelson, B.W., Ngomanda, A., Nogueira, E.M., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., & Vieilledent, G. (2014). Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of tropical trees. Global Change Biology, 20(10), 3177-3190. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12629
Chaves, M.M., Flexas, J., & Pinheiro, C. (2009). Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Annals of Botany, 103(4), 551-560. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn125
Djomo, A.N., & Chimi, C.D. (2017). Tree allometric equations for estimation of above, below, and total biomass in a tropical moist forest: Case study with application to remote sensing. Forest Ecology and Management, 391, 184-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.02.022
Dufrêne, E., & Bréda, N. (1995). Estimation of deciduous forest leaf area index using direct and indirect methods.Oecologia, 104(2), 156–162.  https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00328580
Eriksson, H.M., Eklundh, L., Hall, K., & Lindroth, A. (2005). Estimating LAI in deciduous forest stands. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 129(1-2), 27-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.12.003
Fang, S., Xue, J., & Tang, L. (2007). Biomass production and carbon sequestration potential in poplar plantations with different management patterns. Journal of Environmental Management, 85, 672-679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.09.014
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2010). Global forest resources assessment 2010. Food and Agriculture Organization.
Gholami, S., Moradi, H., & Attarod, P. (2017). Ecological characteristics of Anagyris foetida L. in Gilan-e Gharb forests. Iranian Journal of Forest, 9(2), 145-160. (In Persian)
Hakkila, P. (1989). Utilization of residual forest biomass. Springer.
Hierro, J.L., Villarreal, D., Eren, Ö., & Graham, J.M. (2000). Distribution of biomass between main and secondary stems in the desert shrub Cavanillesia erinaceae. Journal of Arid Environments, 46(1), 63-71.  https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.2000.0649
Hosseinzadeh, J., Tahmasebi, M., & Mohammadpour, M. (2015). Stand characteristics of Anagyris foetida L. in Zagros forests. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 23(3), 393-401. (In Persian) https://doi.org/10.22092/ijfpr.2015.105646. (In Persian)
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2006). Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES).
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). (2023). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Version 2023-1). Retrieved from https://www.iucnredlist.org
Jonckheere, I., Fleck, S., Nackaerts, K., Muys, B., Coppin, P., Weiss, M., & Baret, F. (2004). Review of methods for in situ leaf area index determination. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology121(1-2), 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.027
Kahyani, S., Sohrabi, H., Hosseini, S.M., & Vanclay, J. (2016). LAI and leaf biomass allometric equations for three common tree species in a Hyrcanian temperate forest. Open Journal of Forestry, 6, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2016.61001
Karlik, J.F., & McKay, A. (2007). Carbon sequestration in Quercus douglasii stands. California Agriculture, 61(3), 128-132. https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v061n03p128
Kumar Sarker, N., Nath, A.J., & Das, A.K. (2013). Allometric models for aboveground biomass of Artocarpus chaplasha in Bangladesh. Journal of Forest Research, 24(3), 551-557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-013-0393-9
Lehtonen, A. (2005). Estimating foliage biomass in Scots pine and Norway spruce plots. Tree Physiology, 25(7), 803-811. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/25.7.803
Mahdavi, A., & Mirzaei, M. (2020). Estimation of leaf biomass and carbon sequestration of Cercis siliquastrum in Ilam forests. Journal of Plant Research, 33(1), 205-213. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.23832592.1399.33.1.12.2 (In Persian)
Mahdavi, A., Akbari, M., Omidi, M., & Naderi, M. (2023). Evaluation of leaf biomass, leaf carbon sequestration and leaf area index of Hawthorn (Crataegus aronia L.) in Ilam forests. Forest Research and Development, 9(3), 159. https://doi.org/10.30466/jfrd.2023.54690.1666. (In Persian)
Mahdavi, A., Yaghoubi, R., Omidi, M., & Naji, H.R. (2024). Leaf biomass, carbon storage and leaf area index of Montpellier maple (Acer monspessulanum L.) in Ilam forests. Iranian Journal of Forest, 16(3), 341-356. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijf.2024.396505.1926 .(In Persian)
Milla, R., Castro-Díez, P., Maestro-Martínez, M., & Montserrat-Martí, G. (2008). Relationships between phenology and the remobilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in branches of eight Mediterranean evergreens. New Phytologist, 178(3), 462-476. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02391.x
Naghash Zargaran, M. (2001). Estimation of biomass in Zagros oak forests,Doctoral dissertation, University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Olfati, F., Mosleh Arani, A., & Azimzadeh, H.R. (2013). Estimation of carbon sequestration of Pistacia atlantica in Yazd Province. Journal of Plants and Ecosystem, 9(36), 65-75. (In Persian)
Panahi, P., Pourhashemi, M., & Hassaninejad, M. (2011). Estimation of leaf biomass and carbon sequestration of Pistacia atlanticaIranian Journal of Forest, 3(1), 1-12. (In Persian)
Peper, P.J., & McPherson, E.G. (1998). Evaluation of four methods for estimating leaf area of isolated trees. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 3(1), 19-29.  https://doi.org/10.1078/1618-8667-00020
Pilehvar, B., Mirazadi, Z., & Taheri Abkenar, K. (2015). Estimation of leaf parameters in central Zagros oak forests. Plant Ecosystem, 10(41), 81-92. (In Persian)
Pourhashemi, M., Eskandari, S., & Dehghani, M. (2012). Biomass and leaf area index of Celtis caucasica in Sanandaj. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 19(4), 609-620. (In Persian)
Rosta, T. (2011). Economic value of carbon sequestration in Pistacia atlantica, Master’s thesis, Sari University. (In Persian)Sabzi, R., Sagheb-Talebi, K., & Mataji, A. (2018). Ecological characteristics of Anagyris foetida in Kermanshah Province. Iranian Journal of Forest, 10(1), 1-14. (In Persian)
Thomas, S.C., Martin, A.R., & Mycroft, E.E. (2007). Tropical trees: Enhanced drought resistance through leaf water storage. Trees, 21(4), 451-457.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2008). Report of the Conference of the Parties on its thirteenth session. UNFCCC.
Valipour, A., Plieninger, T., Shakeri, Z., Ghazanfari, H., Namiranian, M., & Lexer, M.J. (2015). Traditional silvopastoral management in northern Zagros. Forest Ecology and Management, 353, 126-133.
Vashum, K.T., & Jayakumar, S. (2012). Methods to Estimate Above-Ground Biomass and Carbon Stock in Natural Forests - A Review.  Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography, 2(4), 1000116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000116
Victor, D.G., Lumkowsky, M., & Dannenberg, A. (2022). Determining credibility of climate commitments. Nature Climate Change, 12, 793-804. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01454-x
Williams, T.M., & Gresham, C.A. (2006). Biomass accumulation in loblolly pine. Biomass and Bioenergy, 30(4), 370-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.07.017
Yaghoubi, F. (2023). Estimation of carbon sequestration in Acer monspessulanum, Master’s thesis, Ilam University. 107p. (In Persian)
Zianis, D., Muukkonen, P., & Mäkipää, R. (2005). Biomass and stem volume equations for European tree species. Silva Fennica, 39(4), 5-63. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.sfm4

  • تاریخ دریافت 03 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 27 دی 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 12 بهمن 1404