مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

اثر پوشش تاغ بر شوری، کیفیت و فعالیت زیستی خاک در اکوسیستم‌های بیابانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 بخش تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران
2 بخش تحقیقات جنگل موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور
3 مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری
10.22034/ijf.2026.515700.2050
چکیده
مقدمه: پوشش گیاهی در مناطق بیابانی، با وجود ظاهر ساده، دارای روابط پیچیده با یکدیگر و با اکوسیستم اطراف خود هستند. با پژوهش دربارۀ رابطۀ خاک و گیاهان، می‌توان خصوصیات هر یک را شناخت و از این دانش برای مدیریت صحیح بر اساس اصول اکولوژیکی بهره برد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی خصوصیات خاک در جنگل‌های مناطق خشک و تأثیر درختچه‌های تاغ بر این خصوصیات انجام گرفته است تا گامی در زمینۀ مدیریت بهینۀ این اکوسیستم‌ها برداشته شود.
مواد و روش‌ها: این بررسی در یک قطعه نمونۀ دائمی به وسعت یک هکتار (100×100 متر) اجرا شد. در این قطعه نمونه 15 نمونه خاک از عمق صفر تا 15 سانتی‌متر از زیرآشکوب تاغ و 15 نمونه خاک از منطقۀ شاهد (بدون پوشش) به‌صورت تصادفی برداشت شد. بلافاصله پس از نمونه‌برداری، بخشی از نمونه‌های خاک در کیسه‌های پلاستیکی (برای آزمایش‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی) و بخش دیگر در شرایط سرد (4 درجۀ سانتی‌گراد برای آزمایش‌های زیستی) نگهداری شد و برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل بعدی به آزمایشگاه انتقال یافت. برای سنجش ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی، نمونه‌های خاک پس از هواخشک شدن، از الک 2 میلی‌متری عبور داده شده و در دمای محیط برای اعمال روش‌های لازم نگهداری شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل نتایج با استفاده از آزمون t مستقل انجام گرفت.
یافته‌ها: در بیشتر ویژگی‌های خاک، افزایش چشمگیری در خاک زیرآشکوب درخت تاغ نسبت به شاهد مشاهده شد. به‌طوری‌ که مقدار شوری خاک زیرآشکوب درختچۀ تاغ 11 دسی زیمنس بر متر بود که دوبرابر شاهد است. مقدار مادۀ آلی، فسفر، پتاسیم، روی، منگنز و منیزیم در زیرآشکوب تاغ به ترتیب 34/0 درصد، 6/5، 469، 36/0، 64/3 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم بود که حدود دو برابر شاهد بود. اما آهک و کلسیم اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت. تنفس پایه خاک زیر تاج‌پوشش تاغ‌ها به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از شاهد بود و به ترتیب مقادیر 34/1 و 49/0 میلی‌گرم CO در هر گرم خاک در روز برآورد شد خاک زیرآشکوب درختچه‌ها بالاترین پتانسیل نیتریفیکاسیون (66/31 میکروگرم در هر گرم خاک) را نشان داد که تقریباً دو برابر خاک شاهد (66/16 میکروگرم بر گرم) بود. در تنفس القایی تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد و به‌طور متوسط 7/20 میلی‌گرم CO در هر گرم خاک در روز برای هر دو منطقه اندازه‌گیری شد. کربن زیست‌تودۀ میکروبی نیز تغییر معنی‌داری نشان نداد، اگرچه در شاهد (77/1 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) کمی بیشتر از خاک زیرآشکوب درختچه‌ها (49/1 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به تأثیر مثبت درختچۀ تاغ بر عناصر مغذی و افزایش مادۀ آلی خاک و همچنین افزایش شاخص‌های تنوع زیستی رویشگاه که در طولانی‌مدت موجب حفاظت و بهبود ساختمان خاک و سطوح بیابانی می‌شود و از طرفی توانایی سازگاری و مقاومت مطلوب این درختچه با شرایط آب‌وهوایی خشک و شکنندۀ مناطق خشک و بیابانی، حفظ و احیای این گونۀ بومی باارزش بسیار حیاتی است. توسعۀ برنامه‌های احیا و استفاده از گونه‌های متناسب با شرایط بیابانی می‌تواند راه‌حلی مؤثر برای بهبود کیفیت خاک و افزایش پوشش گیاهی در این مناطق ارائه دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The effect of Haloxylon ammodendron cover on soil salinity, quality and biological activity in desert ecosystems

نویسندگان English

Sedigheh Zarekia 1
Mohammad Matinizadeh 2
Amir Parnian 3
Elham Nouri 2
1 . Forest & Rangeland Research Division, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO,Yazd, , I. R.Iran
2 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
3 . National Salinity Research Center (NSRC
چکیده English

Introduction: Vegetation in arid and desert regions, whether it seems structurally simple, has complex relationships with each other and with its surrounding ecosystem. By studying the relationship between soil and plants, one can understand the characteristics of each and utilize this knowledge for proper management based on ecological principles. This study aims to investigate the soil characteristics in arid region forests and the effect of Haloxylon shrubs on these characteristics to take steps towards the optimal management of these ecosystems.
Material and Methods: This study was considered in a permanent sample plot with an area of one hectare (100x100 meter). In this sample plot, 15 soil samples were randomly taken from the depth of 0 to 15 cm from under canopy of Haloxylon and 15 soil samples from the control area (without cover). Immediately after sampling, a part of the soil samples was kept in plastic bags (for physical and chemical tests) and the other part was kept in cold conditions (four degrees Celsius for biological tests) and transferred to the laboratory for further analysis. To measure the physical and chemical characteristics, after air drying, the soil samples were passed through a 2 mm sieve and kept at room temperature to perform the required methods. Data analysis was performed using an independent t-test.
Results: In most of the soil characteristics, a significant increase was observed in the soil under canopy of Haloxylon compared to the control. For example, soil salinity under the Haloxylon canopy was 11 ds/m, which was approximately double that of the control area. Most soil characteristics, including organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese, and magnesium under the Haloxylon canopy were approximately double that of the control areas, with values of 0.34%, 5.6, 469, 0.36, and 3.64 mg/kg, respectively. However, no significant difference was observed in soil lime and calcium content. Soil basal respiration under the canopy of Haloxylon was significantly higher than in open spaces, with values of 1.34 mg CO₂ and 0.49 mg CO₂ per gram of soil per day, respectively (P<0.05). The soil under the shrub canopy also shows the highest nitrification potential (31.66 µg/g), nearly doubling that of the open spaces (16.66 µg/g). No significant differences were observed in induced respiration, averaging 20.7 mg CO₂ per gram of soil per day for both areas. Similarly, microbial biomass carbon showed no significant variation, although it was slightly higher outside the canopy (1.77 mg/g) than under it (1.49 mg/g). These findings highlight soil respiration and nutrient dynamics under vegetation.
Conclusion: Considering the positive effect of the Haloxylon on nutrients and increasing the organic matter of the soil, as well as increasing the indicators of biodiversity of the habitat, which in the long term leads to the protection and improvement of the soil structure and desert surfaces, and on the other hand, the ability of this shrub to adapt and withstand the dry and fragile weather conditions of dry and desert regions, the preservation and revival of this valuable native species is very vital. Developing restoration programs and using species suitable for desert conditions can provide an effective solution to improve soil quality and increase vegetation in these areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Arid regions
Electrical conductivity
Induced respiration
Organic matter
Soil properties
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  • تاریخ دریافت 02 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 20 دی 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 12 بهمن 1404