تأثیر خاکپوش‌های زانتان و ملاس چغندرقند بر کنترل گردوغبار در جاده‌های جنگلی منطقۀ حفاظت‌شدۀ ارغوان‌ شهر ایلام

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 استاد گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکدۀمنابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج

3 دانشیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشکدۀ علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان

4 دانشیار گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج

10.22034/ijf.2022.333790.1861

چکیده

در این پژوهش برای بررسی عملکرد و تأثیر زمان و غلظت پاشش صمغ زانتان و ملاس چغندرقند در کنترل گردوغبار جاده‌های جنگلی و همچنین مقدار نشست غبار روی برگ درختان حاشیۀ جاده، تیمارهایی از ملاس چغندرقند و صمغ زانتان با غلظت‌های 2، 5 و 10 درصد در جاده‌های جنگلی ارغوان ‌شهر ایلام توسط دستگاه طراحی‌شده با پمپ سمپاش روی قطعات 60 متری جادۀ جنگلی پاشیده شد.3، 9 و27 روز بعد از اعمال تیمارها، مقدار گردوغبار هنگام عبور وسیلۀ نقلیه با سرعت 40 کیلومتر بر ساعت با کمک دستگاه HAZ-DUST EPAM-5000 اندازه‌گیری شد. براساس نتایج همۀ تیمارها توانستند به‌طور معنی‌داری مقدار گردوغبار جاده‌های جنگلی را کاهش دهند. انتشار گردوغبار در قطعات تیمارشده با ملاس چغندرقند (19/1 میلی‌گرم در مترمکعب) به‌طور معنی‌داری کمتر از قطعات تیمارشده با صمغ زانتان (62/1 میلی‌گرم در مترمکعب) بود. بین غلظت تیمارها در کاهش گردوغبار جاده‌های جنگلی تفاوت معنی‌داری دیده نشد. همچنین در بررسی ماندگاری اثر تیمارها مشاهده شد که بیشترین اثر تیمارها با سطح معنی‌داری 5 درصد در هفتۀ اول روی داد و کمترین گردوغبار (63/0 میلی‌گرم در متر مکعب) در این مدت ثبت شد. از غلظت 2 درصد با توجه به حصول کارایی اجرایی و اقتصادی می‌توان برای کنترل گردوغبار جاده‌های جنگلی استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of effects of xanthan and molasses mulches of sugar beet on dust control in forest roads of Arghavan protected area of Ilam city

نویسندگان [English]

  • R Shahmir 1
  • S.A.O. Hosseini 2
  • A Parsakhoo 3
  • E Abdi 4
1 Ph.D. of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I. R. Iran
2 Prof. Dept. of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran,I.R. Iran
3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Forestry, faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Gorgan, I. R. Iran
4 Associate Prof., Dept. of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, I. R. Iran
چکیده [English]

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and effect of time and concentration of xanthan gum and sugar beet molasses spraying in controlling forest road dust and the amount of dust settling on the leaves of roadside trees. Treatments of sugar beet molasses and xanthan gum with concentrations of 2%, 5%, and 10% were sprayed on 60-meter sections of the forest road by a device designed with a spray pump in the Arghavan-Shar forest roads of Ilam city. The study measured the amount of dust when passing the vehicle at a speed of 40 km/h using the HAZ-DUST EPAM-5000 device 3, 9, and 27 days after the implementation of the treatments. The results showed that all treatments were able to significantly reduce the amount of forest road dust. The amount of dust emission in the parts treated with sugar beet molasses (1.19 mg/m3) was significantly lower than the parts treated with xanthan gum (1.62 mg/m3). There was no significant difference between the concentrations of treatments in reducing the amount of dust on forest roads. The study also examined the durability of the treatments and observed that the highest effect of treatments with a significance level of 5% occurred in the first week, and the lowest amount of dust (0.63 mg/m3) was recorded during this period. The study suggests that the use of 2% concentration of sugar beet molasses can be used to control forest road dust due to its operational and economic efficiency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Xantan
  • Sugar beet molasses
  • Vehicle Traffic
  • Treatment concentration
  • Electronic dustometer
Addo, J.Q., Sanders, T.G., & Chenard, M. (2004). Road dust suppression: effect of maintenance stability, safety and the environment phases 1-3. Mountain-plains consortium (MPC), University Transportation Centers Program (UTCP), 73p.
Amato, F., Escrig, A., Sanfelix, V., Celades, I., Reche, C., Monfort, E., & Querol, X. (2016). Effects of water and CMA in mitigating industrial road dust resuspension. Atmospheric environment, 131, 334-340.
Asensio, N., Kachanan, J., Saralamba, C., & José-Domínguez, J. (2021). The impact of roads on the movement of arboreal fauna in protected areas: The case of lar and pileated gibbons in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 37(6), 276-285. doi:10.1017/S0266467421000390
Bazgir, M., & Namdar Khojasteh, D. (2018). Biological, chemical and mineral mulches effect on stabilization of dust storm sources, case study: Ilam Province. Watershed Engineering and Management, 10(4), 701-713. doi: 10.22092/ijwmse.2018.109439.1272) .In Persian(
Brown, D.A., & Elton, D.J. (1994). Guidelines for Dust control on Unsurfaced Roads in Alabama. Final Report. 150p.
Calvarano, L.S., Rocco, P., Giovanni, L., & Nicola, M. (2017). 3D-FEM analysis on geogrid reinforced flexible pavement roads. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 95, 022024.
Crawford, L. J., Heinse, R., Kimsey, M. J., & Page-Dumroese, D. S. (2021). Soil Sustainability and Harvest Operations: A Review. Washington, DC, USA: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.‏
Gebhart, D. L., & Hale, T. A. (1996). Dust Control Material Performance on Unsurfaced Roadways and Tank Trails. Construction Engineering Research lab (army) Champaign IL‏, 34p.
Gholampour, A., Nabizadeh, R., Hassanvand, M S., Taghipour, H., Nazmara, S., & Mahvi, A. H. (2015). Characterization of saline dust emission resulted from Urmia Lake drying. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 13(1), 82-91) .In Persian(
Ghorbani, S., & Babaei, M.H. (2020). Dust and degradation of Zagros forests. Second International Dust Conference, 9 p. )In Persian(
Gotosa. J., Nyamadzawo.G., Mtetwa.T., Kanda.A., &Dudu.V.P., (2015). Comparative road dust suppression capacity of molasses stillage and water on gravel road in Zimbabwe. Advances in Research, 3(2), 198-208.
Guo, X. (2018). Assessing the effectiveness of eco-friendly dust suppressants used to abate dust emission from mine haul road, Doctoral dissertation, Curtin University, Australia, 204 p.
Gustafsson, M. (2005). Vägdamm: småpartiklar – stora problem: enkunskapsöversikt [Road dust: small particles – large problems: a knowledge overview]. VTI, Linköping, 98p.
Jordán, A., Zavala, L.M., & Gil, J. (2010). Effects of mulching on soil physical properties and runoff under semi-arid conditions in southern Spain. Catena, 81(1), 77-85.
Kolka, R. K., & Smidt, M. F. (2004). Effects of forest road amelioration techniques on soil bulk density, surface runoff, sediment transport, soil moisture and seedling growth. Forest Ecology and Management, 202(1-3), 313-323.‏
Leonardi, G., & Suraci, F. (2022). A 3D-FE model for the rutting prediction in geogrid reinforced flexible pavements. Sustainability, 14(6), 3695.‏
Manoochehri, K., Shirvany, A., Attarod, P., & Khodakarami, Y. (2016). Dust filtration ability of Fraxinus rotundifolia, Platanus orientalis, and Robinia pseudoacacia trees in Kermanshah, West of Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest, 8(1), 1-10. )In Persian(
Mosavi, f., abdi, E., & majnonian, B. (2013).AInvestigation of the capability of stabilization of forest roads Comparison of conventional and bio-treated methods as dust suppressants.   Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(29), 23341-23350. )In Persian(
Mousavi, F., & Abdi, E. (2016). The influence of polymer on forest road soil stabilization and reduce environmental degradation. Iranian Journal of Forest, 7(4), 497-505. )In Persian(
Omane, D., Liu, W.V., & Pourrahimian, Y., (2018). Comparison of chemical suppressants under different atmospheric temperatures for the control of fugitive dust emission on mine hauls roads. Atmospheric Pollution Research, (9), 561-568.
Parsakhoo, A., Hosseini, S.A., Lotfalian, M., Mohamadi, J., & Salarijazi, M. (2020). Investigating the efficiency of the different anti-dust agents and their effects on soil chemicals at margin of forest road in Golestan province. Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 27(1), 17-30. doi: 10.22069/jwfst.2020.17146.1830. )In Persian(
Parsakhoo, A., Sasani, H., & Mohamadi, J. (2020). Investigating the efficiency of sea water and sugar beet molasses on reduction of dust from the forest roads (Case study: Koohmian Forest, Azadshahr). Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 27(4), 233-246. doi: 10.22069/jwsc.2020.17410.3286. )In Persian(
Pourhashemi, M., & Sadeghi, S. (2020). A review of ecological causes of oak decay in the forests of Iran.Ecological Causes of Oak Decline Phenomenon in Forests of Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest Ecology, 8(16), 164-148. )In Persian(
Ravi, E., Sharma., A., & Manikandan., A.T. (2015). Study on effect of molasses on strength of soil. International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology, 2(2), 57-61. In persian
Report of park construction study.,(2009).Chagha Sabz Forest Company. 120 Mahab Gostar Zagros Company p120. )In Persian(
Sadeghi, M., & Jalalian, A. (2015). Stabilization of dirt roads to control dust and fine dust due to brittleness with the help of chloride solutions. National Conference on New Research Engineering in Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning,Tehran, 7 p. )In Persian(
Sagheb Talebi, K., Sajedi, T., &Pourhashemi, M. (2014). Forests of Iran: A Treasure from the Past, A Hope for the Future. Springer, 152 p.
Sanders, T.G., Quayenortey, J.A., & Jorgensen, D. (2015). Unpaved road dust control in the Piceance Creek basin in Rio Blanco county, Colorado. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 141(2), 04014079.
Shahmoradi, G., Parsakhoo, A., & Lotfalian, M. (2020). Investigating the efficiency of DS-300 and CaCl2 in dust mitigation from gravel forest roads. Forest Research and Development, 6(4), 559-571. doi: 10.30466/jfrd.2020.120984.  )In Persian(
Shahmoradi, G., Parsakhoo, A., & Lotfalian, M. (2020). Investigating the efficiency of DS-300 and CaCl2 in dust mitigation from gravel forest roads. Forest Research and Development, 6(4), 559-571.  )In Persian(
sustainability and harvest operations: A review. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-421. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 39 p.