مجله جنگل ایران

مجله جنگل ایران

پیشران‌های مؤثر بر مشارکت جوامع محلی در طرح جنگلداری اجتماعی مانگرو (مورد مطالعه: جزیرۀ قشم)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع‌ طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع ‌طبیعی هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندرعباس، ایران
2 کارشناس بخش تحقیقات منابع‌ طبیعی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع ‌طبیعی هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندرعباس، ایران
10.22034/ijf.2025.504059.2040
چکیده
مقدمه: به حرکت درآوردن چرخ‌های توسعۀ پایدار در عرصه‌های محیط ‌زیستی از جمله جنگل‌های مانگرو نیازمند مدیریت اجتماع‌محور است. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی پیشران‌های مؤثر بر مشارکت جوامع محلی در طرح جنگلداری اجتماعی مانگرو است.
مواد و روش: محدودۀ این تحقیق، سه روستای سهیلی، طبل و هفت‌رنگو در جزیرۀ قشم است. جامعۀ آماری شامل مشاغل صیادی، گردشگری و کار در اسکله بود که 211 نفر از آنها به‌صورت تصادفی به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. پرسشنامه، ابزار سنجش تحقیق حاضر بود. پرسش‌ها به‌صورت طیف پنج‌گزینه‌ای لیکرت از خیلی ‌کم (1) تا خیلی ‌زیاد (5) بودند. روایی پرسشنامه بر اساس دیدگاه استادان دانشگاه و کارشناس فنی ادارۀ کل منابع ‌طبیعی هرمزگان تأیید شد. مقدار آلفای کرونباخ به‌منظور برآورد پایایی پرسشنامه برای «تمایل به مشارکت»، «عوامل اقتصادی»، «اجتماعی»، «زیست‌محیطی»، «دانش زیست‌محیطی» و «ارزش زیست‌محیطی درک‌شده» به‌ترتیب 92/0، 90/0، 86/0، 92/0، 85/0 و 89/0 محاسبه شد. برای تحلیل داده‌های پژوهش از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 25 استفاده شد. در بخش آمار توصیفی از میانگین و انحراف معیار استفاده شد. برای بررسی عوامل تعیین‌کننده تمایل به مشارکت در طرح جنگلداری اجتماعی مانگرو از رگرسیون گام به گام بهره گرفته شد. برای بررسی اثرهای مستقیم و غیرمستقیم متغیرهای مستقل بر متغیر وابسته از مدل علّی تحلیل ‌مسیر استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: شرکت‌کنندگان میانگین امتیاز تمایل به مشارکت مرتبط با طرح جنگلداری اجتماعی مانگرو را 18/3 (انحراف معیار= 067/1) گزارش کردند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که عامل اقتصادی، قوی‌ترین پیش‌بینی‌کنندۀ تمایل به مشارکت جامعه در طرح جنگلداری اجتماعی مانگرو بود (000/0p= و 444/0β = ). ارزش زیست‌محیطی درک‌شده، دومین عامل برای پیش‌بینی تمایل به مشارکت (000/0p= و 388/0β = ) و عوامل اجتماعی سومین عامل پیش‌بینی‌کننده برای متغیر وابسته بود (000/0p= و 381/0β = ). بر طبق مدل علّی تحقیق، بیشترین اثر مستقیم بر تمایل به مشارکت مربوط به شاخص «اقتصادی» و بیشترین اثر غیرمستقیم و بیشترین اثر کل مربوط به شاخص «ارزش زیست‌محیطی درک‌شده» بود.
بحث: در بین متغیرهای تحت بررسی، شاخص اقتصادی قوی‌ترین پیش‌بینی‌کنندۀ مشارکت بود و بیشترین اثر مستقیم را هم بر تمایل به مشارکت افراد در طرح جنگلداری اجتماعی مانگرو داشت. به‌دلیل انتظارات جوامع محلی از تأثیرگذاری اقتصادی این طرح‌ها بر معیشت آنها و به‌منظور کارآمدی طرح جنگلداری اجتماعی مانگرو باید بُعد اقتصادی طرح بیشتر مورد توجه برنامه‌ریزان و تصمیم‌گیرنده‌ها قرار بگیرد. بنابراین با برنامه‌ریزی منسجم و نظارت مستمر بر اجرای طرح جنگلداری اجتماعی مانگرو می‌توان بستر را برای بهبود وضعیت اقتصادی و در نتیجۀ آن تمایل به مشارکت بیشتر جوامع محلی فراهم کرد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج پژوهش، جنگلداری اجتماعی مانگرو با تأکید بر اجتماعی بودن آن زمانی مفهوم واقعی خود را یدک می‌کشد که افراد محلی به‌طور فعالانه و در راستای توسعۀ پایدار گام بردارند. دستیابی به توسعۀ پایدار با حرکت در کانال اقتصادی و اقتصادمحور کردن طرح‌ها امکان‌پذیر است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Drivers affecting local community participation in mangrove social forestry projects (Case study: Qeshm Island)

نویسندگان English

M Moslehi 1
F Ahmadi 2
A Hajebi 1
1 Associate Prof, Research Division of Natural Resources, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
2 Research Expert, Research Division of Natural Resources, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Bandar Abbas, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Setting the wheels of sustainable development in environmental areas, including mangrove forests, in motion requires social-based management. The aim of this study is to investigate the drivers affecting the participation of local communities in the mangrove social forestry project.
Materials and Methods: The scope of this study is the three villages of Soheili, Tabl, and Haftrangou on Qeshm Island. The statistical population includes fishing, tourism, and dock workers, of whom 211 people were randomly selected as a sample. The questionnaire was the measurement tool of this study. The questions were a five-point Likert scale from very low (1) to very high (5). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by university professors and a technical expert from the Hormozgan General Directorate of Natural Resources. Cronbach's alpha values ​​were calculated to estimate the reliability of the questionnaire for "willingness to participate", "economic factors", "social", "environmental", "environmental knowledge" and "perceived environmental value" as 0.92, 0.90, 0.86, 0.92, 0.85 and 0.89, respectively. SPSS version 25 software was used to analyze the research data. Mean and standard deviation were used in the descriptive statistics section. Stepwise regression was used to examine the determinants of willingness to participate in the mangrove social forestry projects. Then, a causal path analysis model was used to explore the direct and indirect effects of independent variables on the dependent variable.
Results: Participants reported a mean score of willingness to participate related to the mangrove social forestry projects of 3.18 (standard deviation = 1.067). Also, the results showed that the economic factor was the strongest predictor of the community's willingness to participate in the mangrove community forestry project (β = 0.444, p < 0.000). Perceived environmental value was the second factor for predicting the willingness to participate (β = 0.388, p < 0.000) and social factors were the third predictor for the dependent variable (β = 0.381, p < 0.000). According to the causal model of the research, the highest direct effect on the willingness to participate was related to the "economic" index, and the highest indirect effect and the highest total effect were related to the "perceived environmental value" index.
Discussion: Among the variables studied, the economic index was the strongest predictor of participation and had the highest direct effect on the willingness to participate in the mangrove community forestry projects. Due to the expectations of local communities regarding the economic impact of these projects on their livelihoods and the effectiveness of mangrove social forestry projects, planners and decision-makers should pay more attention to the economic dimension of the project. Therefore, with coherent planning and continuous monitoring of the implementation of the mangrove social forestry projects, it is possible to provide a platform for improving the economic situation and, as a result, a desire for greater participation of local communities.
Conclusion: According to the results of the research, mangrove social forestry, with its emphasis on sociality, takes on its true meaning when local people actively take steps towards sustainable development. Achieving sustainable development is possible by moving through the economic channel and focusing on the economy of the projects.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Environmental knowledge
Local communities
Participatory project
Perceived ecological value
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  • تاریخ دریافت 26 دی 1403
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